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itwderat*® Manual 





Class 

Book. 

Copyright^ . 



CflFiRIGHT DEPOSE 



NATIONAL 

MACHINE 

SHORTHAND 



By 
W. S. IRELAND, A. B. 

Author of 
Stenotypy — Stenotype Reader — 
National Speed Practice — 
National Progressive Drills 

Inventor of 

The Stenotype and 

National Shorthand Machine 



"The MACHINE Way is the NATIONAL Way" 



Published by 

NATIONAL SHORTHAND MACHINE COMPANY 

Saint Louis 



2.S.V 

.\\z\H 



Copyright, 1917, 

by 

National Shorthand Machine Company 



SEP 15 1917 



^)C!.A476090 



INTRODUCING THE NATIONAL 



THE most fitting introduction to this text seems to be a very brief story of the 
development of the National Shorthand Machine — a story full of unusual 
interest for those that have had part in its making. It has been in the nature of 
an excursion into a semi-explored field, by a strange travel party — a party made 
up of producer and consumer, — of developer and user, — of seller and buyer — the 
one not distinguishable from the other, and each having interests identical with 
that of the whole party. 

In other words, the National Shorthand Machine is an interesting example 
of the possibilites of sensible cooperation, for the National is owned, built, and sold 
largely by the schools in which it is taught — the producers are also the consumers. 

Machine shorthand is not a modern art — its development began about the time 
the typewriter was invented. Aside from spasmodic appearances in various coun- 
tries, no real progress in the art of machine writing was made until very recently, 
when through the genius of Mr. "W. S. Ireland the commercial value of the machine 
as a means of recording dictation was fully established — first through schoolroom 
practice and second through actual use in the business world. 

National Machine Shorthand was brought into existence in answer to the 
insistent demand of the business community for something better — something 
more accurate, more rapid, more legible — than old-fashioned pencil writing. The 
answer was given by a large group of aggressive, forward-looking school proprietors 
and teachers who combined their knowledge and their money in full cooperation 
with Mr. Ireland in the production of a machine and a system of writing that 
would adequately meet the needs of the business office. 

This was an ideal combination. The proprietors and teachers knew the needs 
of both the school and the office, and Mr. Ireland knew in a most intimate way the 
history of every effort to perfect a system of machine shorthand writing, in which 
field his own endeavors had been crowned with unusual success. He also had 
at his command a remarkable degree of inventive skill — skill amounting to genius 
— and he gave unsparingly of his time, his thought, and his most earnest effort to 
satisfy wholly the exacting demands of his school associates who had not hesitated 
to commit to his care their money and their ambitions to own, control and teach 
a really effective shorthand writing machine. 

The story is long, but it is sufficient to say here that every detail of the National 
Shorthand Machine and of the system of writing that it employs was worked out 
slowly, safely and scientifically by Mr. Ireland and his corps of trained mechanics, 
designers, artists, and detail men, in collaboration with a watchful, alert committee 
of school proprietors and teachers, whose counsel and assistance were requisitioned 
at every step. 

Every principle in the system, every word in the text, every line in the various 
series of students' helps was read and re-read, corrected — gone over again and 
again — by the most successful teachers in the country, until now, as we offer the 
National — the machine, the system, the texts — to the schools of our land, we are 
happy in the thought that we are giving back to the profession its own best thought 
and best effort, refined and coined into the most precious currency of commerce 
— the means of superior service. 

NATIONAL SHORTHAND MACHINE COMPANY. 



AUTHOR'S WORD 

For whatever merit this text may have, much 
credit is due to a committee of eighteen prominent 
teachers of typewriting and shorthand (both pen- 
cil and machine) to whom the manuscript was 
submitted for final revision before publication. 

These teachers, assembled from every part 
of the country, carefully reviewed the text sen- 
tence by sentence, offering as occasion required 
intelligent, constructive criticism, all of which 
was thankfully and helpfully received by the 
author. The unusual care and thoroughness with 
which the book has been prepared will com- 
mend it both to teachers and students. 

It is the purpose of this brief foreword to 
express to those earnest teachers whose substan- 
tial assistance contributed so much to the excel- 
lence of the work my sincere thanks for their 
cooperation. 

W. S. Ireland. 
St. Louis, Mo., 
July 14, 1917. 



National Machine Shorthand 

SECTION ONE 
Step One 




1. The Keyboard. — The National keyboard is 
made up of twenty-five primary keys, one correction 
key and four secondary keys. 

The primary keys are BSCTPHDWLR AOUIE 
RMFffNKTDGfc. The secondary keys are the two 
upper long keys containing the figures and the 
lower long keys containing SWYMN RWffiBSi. The X 
is the correction key. 

If all the keys are struck at one time, their letters 
are printed in the following order: 

BSCTPHDWLR AOUIE RMFfNKTDGSj 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



2. A word at a stroke. — Any number of keys 
may be struck at one time and their letters printed 
in a line across the strip of paper. The initial con- 
sonants BSCTPHDWLR are written by the left group 
of keys, which prints them at the beginning of the line 
or word; the final consonants RMFPNKTDG& are written 
by the right group of keys, which prints them at the 
end of the line or word; the middle group prints the 
vowels in the middle of the line and between the 
beginning and ending consonants. 

Initial Final 

Consonants Vowels Consonants 

BSCTPHDWLR AO UIE RMFffNKTDGfc Order of Letters 

ST A R T * Starts 

T H I NK Think 

S P R U T 5? Sprouts 

H U N D & Hounds 

As most words and syllables begin and end with 
consonants and have a vowel or vowels between them, 
the arrangement and division of the National keyboard 
make it possible, by selecting and striking the proper 
keys, to write an entire word at a single stroke. The 
machine itself spaces the paper forward, and each 
stroke or word occupies an entire line. The words 
are written under each other down the paper instead 
of across the page as in ordinary print. 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



3. Position at the machine. — The stand, 
chair and position at the machine all play an important 
part in the operation of the National. The chair 
should be high enough to allow the 
operator to rest the feet on the floor 
comfortably. The height of the stand 
should permit approximately the same 
relation between the stand, chair 
and operator as is shown in the 
illustration. The bottom of the 
elbow is level with the top of the 
table, while the forearm and wrist 
rise gradually and assume the posi- 
tion illustrated. 




NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



4. Correct finger position. — Touch writing 
only is used on the National. The fingers find 
the keys by the sense of touch. The eyes never look 
at the keyboard but at either the dictator or the 
copy in the text. Each finger has its particular keys 
to operate and must operate just those keys and no 
others. Skill in operating the machine depends largely 
on how the keys are fingered. Correct fingering makes 
the operation easy, while poor fingering makes it very 
difficult. The following illustration shows the cor- 
rect position of the fingers on the keyboard. 




NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



5. Vowels. — 



nftnnr? 


xUUULM 


JLL-^-il 





m 



Fingering.— The left thumb 
operates the A and vowel keys 
and the right thumb the U, I and 
E. 



6. Stroke of the key. — The thumb should ac- 
company the key down and press it firmly at the bottom 
of the stroke, releasing it quickly and permitting it to 
return completely to its normal position before making 
another stroke. Never strike a key until sure it is 
the correct key, but in striking it, do so with a sure, 
fast blow — not with a slow push. 

As the thumbs strike the vowels the fingers remain 
in their curved position, almost touching the keys, as 
shown in the illustration below. The fingers should 
never feel tense, rigid or cramped, but should be en- 
tirely comfortable and relaxed. 



"^W$<\ m *X "f WOT! %Y) ^"ww^ • 




NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



7. Corrections. 




The long key in the middle 
of the keyboard writes the 
correction sign. When an 
error is made in writing a 
letter or word, strike the 
correction key and then 
write the word correctly. 
When notes are being read, 
this sign serves as a warning 
to indicate that an error 
has been made and correct- 
ed. Always strike the 
correction key with the 
right index finger. 



8. Thumb exercise. — Prac- 
tice the first group until you can 
write it evenly and easily (with- 
out hesitating between strokes) 
before taking up the second group. 

This should be accomplished by 
writing each exercise about thirty 
times. 



Watch the copy, not the keyboard, 

THINK each letter before writing it. 

Do not strike a key until you feel 
absolutely confident it is the cor- 
rect one, and then strike it firmly 
and surely. 

Write slowly at first; increase the 
speed as confidence in the strokes 
increases. 



AOUIEIUOAOUIE 
IU0A0UIEIU0 

AIOEUAEUOIAUE 
I0AIEU0AIUE 



SECTION ONE 
Step Two 




The fingers must 
not point straight 
out, but should 
drop in a curved 
position down 
close to the keys 
so as to lose no 
time in finding 
the keys for the 
next stroke. 



Place the fingers in their normal position on the 
keyboard and then move them forward and write 
DO V. If the tops of the hands are level with the key- 
board and the tips of the idle fingers in their forward 
movement are barely touching the keys as the D and 
V fingers go down, the idle fingers will naturally 
leave the keys slightly. 

Study the illustration carefully. 

The double letter V is written for both F and V, 
and is read as either one or the other according to 
the context. 



8 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



9. Formation of words. — There are three 
things to be considered in writing on the National; 
namely, — silent letters, consonants and vowels. 

a. *The silent letters, being unnecessary, are never 

written. 

b. The sounded consonants are written exactly 
as sounded. 

c. The sounded vowels are written exactly as 
spelled. 



(The o and gh are silent 
letters) 

(The o is the sounded vowel 
and written as spelled) 

(The last consonant sound 
is /, hence / is written) 

(One is pronounced with the 
sound of w; therefore it is 
written with w, though it 
does not occur in the 
spelling. The e is silent 
and dropped) 

(The consonant sound is 
sh and not s, hence sh is 
written) 



Through 


THRU 


Brought 


BROT 


Laugh 


LAF 



One 



WON 



Sure 



SHUR 



Part 


PART 




Store 


STOR 


(e is silent) 


Treat 


TRET 


(a is silent) 


Thread 


THRED 


(a is silent) 


Crow- 


CRO 


(w is silent) 


Sour 


SOUR 





'(With certain minor exceptions). 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



10. Finger exercise. — 




Strike D with the left index 
finger and V with the right index 
finger. 



Practice one line at a time. Each line should be written thirty times. 

Keep your eyes and attention 
DA0UIEFEIU0A firmly on the copy; do not look at 

the copy, then the keyboard, then 
DOnrUDEMAF the copy and again the keyboard, 

etc. % 

Do all writing by the sense of 

U I PDFAUFDOFE touch. 



11. Word signs. — Though all 
words may be readily written in 
full on the National, short word 
signs are used for a few of the fre- 
quently occurring words. Never 
write out in full a word for which 
there is a word sign. 



D 


did 


EF 


ever, every 


F 


have, of 


t 


he 


A 


an 


U 


you 



By the use of word signs two 
or more words may often be 
written in a single stroke. This 
is called "phrasing." Instead of 
writing 



D 



U 



H 



for Did you have? (which re- 
quires three strokes), by using 
the word signs for these three 
words, this phrase is written at 
one stroke: 

D U V 



10 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



12. Words written alike. — / hear her coming here. 
Different words written alike are I 

read correctly by context; HER, 

H En 

her, hear, here. q M 

t N 

H ER 



13. Punctuation. — All exer- 
cises should be punctuated as writ- 
ten. 

-FNTG . (period) 

BCPD ? (interrogation point) 



The period is written by the four 
fingers of the right hand striking 
the four outside keys of the 
upper row; likewise the four 
fingers of the left hand write 
the question mark. 



These arbitrary signs are written for the punctua- 
tion because they stand out boldly on the page of notes. 
In reading, the eye will note the unusual sign very 
readily, which aids materially in understanding at a 
glance what has been written. 



14. Word practice.— Write 

the entire exercise each time with- 
out even once taking the eyes off 
the printed page. 

It is the duty of the fingers to 
find the keys and do the writing, 
while the eyes are fastened to the 
copy. 



Write every stroke accurately* 



Never make a stroke until sure 
the fingers are on the correct 
keys. 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



11 



Write fifteen times. 



day 


you 


due 


he 


dough 


an 


dove 


off 


have 


eve 


Dave 


ever 


do 


every 


deaf 


eave 


die 


of 


dive 


off 


did 


have 


do 


ever 


due 


he 


dough 


of 


every 


an 


did 


you 


of 


ever 


he 



Were the idle fingers close to the keys and in their 
proper position while writing this entire exercise? 



15. Writing exercise. — This 
exercise is to be written from 
dictation or copied. 

Write fifteen times. 

Did-you ever dive? 
You-have an off day. 
Do-you ever have a day off? 
Did-you-have a dove? 
Did-he-have every dove? 
Did-he die? 
You-have a dove. 
I did-have every dove. 



When the exercise is dictated, 
watch the lips of the dictator. 



Words connected by hyphens 
are to be phrased (all written in 
a single stroke). 

Striving for absolute accuracy 
and learning to phrase early in 
the course will save much time 
and hard work in gaining speed 
later on. 



SECTION ONE 
Step Three 




There are no home, or anchor, keys in the operation 
of the National. 

The normal position of the fingers over the divid- 
ing line is rather a starting point than a place where 
the idle fingers are to remain or to which they are to 
return. 

As the index fingers strike W and I? the fingers 
naturally assume the position shown in the above illus- 
tration. 

Notice how easily the fingers seem to strike these 
keys and how "ready" they are to locate and strike any 
other keys. 

f? is written for both p and b. 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



13 



16. Finger exercise. 



fci£_^ 



LJULJ 
1 cz 




Strike N with the left index 
finger and i? with the right index 
finger. When writing DN, oper- 
ate both keys with the index 
finger by striking both of them 
over the dividing line between 
the two. 



Write each exercise thirty times. 



DNAOU 
I U A W 

W V U ff D 

Uf DA? 



EFfFE 



£ F W 

FDF 



The finger exercises develop the 
movements of the fingers and 
train them to find the keys 
readily. 

In each lesson such exercises 
should be practiced very thor- 
oughly and carefully. This will 
make the word practice much 
easier. 



IHrFDUPEF 



Permanent habits are now being 
formed; form them correctly. 

Remember: Eyes on the copy; never on the machine. 

17. Corrections. — If an error is made several 
words back, strike the correction key once, rewrite 
the last correctly written word (which will show 
where the correction begins); then write the correct 
copy. 



18. Word signs. — 

{? be, been, -body 

W were, with 



Note the use of word signs in 
forming words in which the 
word sign is a part. 
EF?, everybody. 



14 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



19. Word practice. —The 
words in the word practice are so 
arranged that they may be prac- 
ticed across the line forward and 
backward or down and up the col- 
umn. Practice all four ways. 



DEI? , deep (Necessary to write 
only one e) 

WEf, weep 



Keep the eyes on the copy while the hands do the 
fingering. Do not look back and forth from keyboard 
to copy. 

Write through the exercise each time without 
taking the eyes off the copy. 

Write fifteen times. 



web been way dope with up 

dub with deep wave been dip 



dab 
wipe 

be were deep wife he everybody be 

weep dupe wove dope way deep were 

everybody were dip wave been wipe been 



20. Writing exercise. — 



Write fifteen times. 

We-have-been with-you. 

Were-you up? 

Did-he-have a wife? 

We-have-been due a day. 

I weep with-everybody. 

Were-you ever with Dave? 

Do-you ever weave? 

You were with-everybody. 

I-have-been with Dave. 

We weave a web. 

Did Dave ever weave with-you? 



Do not strive for speed. Write 
with an even "pace," not pausing 
between words, but the instant 
the fingers strike the keys for 
one stroke the eyes should be 
on the next word. 
Look straight at the copy during 
the entire exercise and think 
hard — keeping the fingers con- 
stantly busy finding and striking 
the correct keys. 



SECTION ONE 
Step Four 




The index fingers 
reach over to oper- 
ate the L and R 
keys. The idle 
fingers move 
slightly forward 
and are comforta- 
ble and relaxed 
while L and R are 
being struck. 



1 




Notice that the 
idle fingers are 
curved, almost 
touching the 
keys. These 
fingers must 
never point 
straight out. 



As the thumb strikes a vowel and the index finger 
strikes R, the hand rises slightly and moves forward 
just a trifle so that the index finger may strike the 
upper key without the under part of the finger touching 
the lower key and carrying it down part way also. 



16 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



The middle finger moves over 
to the fourth row of keys to strike 
I? while the index finger strikes R, 
as in warp. The hand rises slightly 
to make the fingering easy. The 
middle finger points almost straight 
down, so that the end of the finger 
strikes the f . The index finger is 
extended, striking the R key about 
the middle in order to clear the 
lower key. The two idle fingers 
must not move towards the middle 
far enough to leave their positions. 




21. Fingering. 

Write each exercise twenty times. 

Use the left index finger for L — > — ^ — " *■ — x 

and the right index finger for R. ^_j-^T=^==p_i ^__^====pT===r^====p l _^ l 

DWLAOU I ERFf FR 

E I U A L W 

LADORFEH FfLU 

D FHRIf PUNELR A 



^ 




NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



17 



22. Vowels. — The following examples show how 
to write various vowels: 



written I as LI 



in lye 



ow 


OU 


DOUR 


dower 


ou 


ou 


OUR 


our 


AW 


AU 


LAU 


law- 


AU 


AU 


DAUB 


daub 


EI 


A 


NA 


weigh 


OO 


OE 


LOEF 


loop 



In all words containing oo, both o's must be written 
to avoid conflicts; hence, oo is written OE. 

Woo, WOE (Not read woe, as woe is written WO); 
wooer. WOER. 



23. Word signs. — 

— R are 

OR order 

L will (verb) 



Final consonants (those written 
by the fingers of the right hand) 
are indicated in this book by a 
hyphen before the letter. Initial 
R is printed R; final R is printed 
-R. 



24. Word practice. — It is very important that 
the U key always be struck with the right thumb, as 
the vowels AU or OU are frequently written at the 
same stroke. In such instances the right thumb must 
strike the U and leave the left free for operating A or 0. 



Layer, LAER; weigher, WAER; yo 


ur, UR 




Write ten times. 








dare wipe 


lobe war 


are 


laugh 


will 


lay order 


dower law 


weigher 


daub 


hour 


dear leap 


weigh order 


lye 


wore 


life 


wire deer 


low door 


are 


lap 


wear 


loop your 


are lure 


wooer 


dire 


live 


dip love 


dye daub 


hour 


leave 


door 


layer will 


lip warp 


ear 


dwarf 


or 



18 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



25. Writing exercise. — Practice this exercise 
both from dictation and by copying from the text. 

Write ten times. Accurate writing requires accurate thinking 



Will-you ever-be a wooer? 
Will-you order a door? 
Will-he-have an hour off? 
Will-he-have a loop of wire? 
We-are due. 
Will-he-have a day off? 
Will-you wire your order? 



We-have your order. 
Will-he-be a dwarf? 
We-have an order every day. 
A door will warp. 
Will-he leave an order with-you? 
A weigher will-be with-you. 
Will-you weigh a layer of dough? 



Remember to write the punctuation at the end of every sentence. 



SECTION ONE 
Step Five 




Showing the fingers writing the word roam, ROM. 



^^^^W> XSNS N ^U^\\\wV '^ \\^\V^f> 




""" i "" ii "iiiiiiiiillliiiiiii||||||||||iiim' 

Showing the correct fingering when striking M. 



20 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 




Striking UMff as in lump. 



26. Fingering. — 



tt^i 



Strike initial R with the left 
={ index finger and final M with the 
right index finger. 



J 




NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 

Write twenty copies of each exercise. 

DWLRAOU I E-RHFf FM-RE I U 
A R L W 

L f -R F W P F L W -R M F D F R H F D 
LffHFD 



^^pv^p^^^^^ 



21 




Showing R and M in the word arm struck together 
by the index finger of the right hand. Note how the 
two keys are operated by the end of the finger striking 
over the dividing line. 

27. W before R. — Always write the W before R 
(though silent) to avoid conflict. 

WRAP wrap (without the W might be rap) 
WRI wry (without the W might be rye) 



28. Word signs. — 



R 



are • 

am, many 



29. Extra strokes. — When nee- In this book a plus sign is used 

essary to use more than one stroke, to indicate the division between 

divide the word at the most natural strokes. 
point. 

A+WAR aware 
A+DOR adore 



22 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



A+LOU 


allow 


A+RER 


arrear 


A+RIF 


arrive 


A+LOI 


alloy 



In such words the consonant is 
omitted in the first stroke and 
written only in the second. 



30. Word practice. — 

Write seven times. 

LAM, lamb; DUM, dumb; L I M, limb, (b is silent) 



dime 


rare 


lime 


rave 


deem 


roar 


warm 


many 


drop 


dome 


are 


rove 


worm 


raw 


wrap 


roof 


lame 


robe 


lamb 


ripe 


dumb 


room 


alloy 


rum 


adore 


reap 


array 


rum 


loom 


rough 


arm 


rub 


many 


roam 


dim 


arm 


limp 


arrear 


leap 


am 


layer 


rip 


law 


row 


our 


rye 


door 


alarm 


allow 


romp 


dream 


roam 


wry 


rump 


doom 


lump 


rib 


am 


drove 


am 


droop 


many 


drive 


alloy 


limb 


arrive 


allay 


array 


adore 


awry 



31. Writing exercise. — 

Write seven times. 

Will-many-be away? 

I-am with Dave. 

Will-he-have many-of our deer? 

Are-you lame? 

Did-he ever order a robe? 

Are-you away with-your wife? 

Will- you ever-be lame? 

Dave will-be away many a day. 

I-am due with-you. 



Will-he-be lame? 
Will-he allow you a dime? 
I-am aware-of a row. 
Will-you order our lime? 
Will-you-have a robe with-you? 
Roy will-order your lime. 
Will-you-have a dime? 
Are-you aware-of a rough row? 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



23 



Exercise for skill. — The following exercise makes use of 
all the principles and word signs of Section One, and is particularly 
arranged for developing speed. Practice it both by copying from text 
and from dictation until the required rates are attained. 

The surest way to obtain speed on the National is to practice for 
accuracy. If you write the exercise over and over, writing it correctly 
each time, you will find your speed increasing very rapidly. Inaccu- 
rate writing will retard speed. 

Practice the exercise while studying Section Two. It contains 
100 words, and you should be able to write it perfectly at the rate of 

60 words per minute at the completion of Step One, Section Two 
70 words per minute at the completion of Step Two, Section Two 
80 words per minute at the completion of Step Three, Section Two 
90 words per minute at the completion of Step Four, Section Two 
100 words per minute at the completion of Step Five, Section Two 



We are warm. 

Were you dry? 

Are you warm? 

I have a dime. 

We have an arm. 

I have our law. 

Wrap up your rye. 

He will be with you. 

Did you have an oar? 

Will he ever be away? 

I have been with you. 

Will you weigh our door? 

Will Roy order our lime? 

Roy will order your lime. 

I am aware of your dream. 

Will everybody be with you? 

Did he ever have your warm room? 

Will you ever allow Dave a dime? 

Will you order many of our deer? 

Will he daub your robe with our lye? 



Rate per minute 
60 words 
70 words 
80 words 
90 words 
100 words 



Time 
1 min. 40 sec. 
1 min. 26 sec. 
1 min. 15 sec. 
1 min. 6 sec. 
1 min. sec. 



SECTION TWO 
Step One 




Correct position for striking PR 

Oas in proud. Note the easy, 
comfortable position of the idle 
fii 



"fingers. 



32. Finger exercise. — Write Strike P and N with the middle 
each exercise twenty times. fingers. 



1. 

P D W L R -R H F H ? F 

M -R R L W D 

2. 

DLfPHFLFWNHP 
NHFRFPHNPDP 
LRWFNFP 



^ CZ 



^ 



~D C 





M/foi 



In practicing double consonants, 
write both characters together. 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



25 



3. 

PL -RM PR WR -RF -M? DR 
-R? -RN PR -RM PL WR PR 
-RF DR PL -Rfr 



The idle fingers should curve 
down towards the keys in a re- 
laxed position. 



33. Word signs. — 

AN and 

— N in, no, know 

UITN upon 



34. Word practice. — Study carefully the follow- 
ing examples. 



RAIN 


rain 


PAIR 


pair 


PLAIN 


plain 


WAIF 


waif 


DU 


dew 


PU 


pew 



AM+PER ampere 
A+PLI apply 



PROFN 

LEFN 

RAPN 

DEFN 

OMN 

RUFN 

LAMN 

LEMN 

LIN+EN 

LIN+N 



or 



proven 

leaven 

raven 

deepen 

omen 

roughen 

layman 

lemon 

linen 



Silent i in ai is always written. 
This distinguishes a/-words from 
a-words. Rain is written RA I N 

not RAN. 



Always write u for ew. 



To write the e in proven, etc., 
would require an additional 
stroke and be of no particular 
advantage in reading. Such un- 
important vowels are omitted 
when doing so will save a stroke. 
When omitting such a vowel 
does not save a stroke, it may 
be written or dropped at the 
discretion of the operator. 



2S 






NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



WOMN 
WIMN 



woman 
women 



Written W I MN to distinguish from 
woman. 



-N+F 
PLUM 
ERN 
LU 



nobody 
plumb 
earn 
lieu 



Write ten times. 

Keep the eyes on the copy during the practice of 
the entire exercise. 



pray 
win 


run 
prop 


poor 
loin 


lean 
plow 


prime wren 
know low 


play 
and 


plow 
rain 


and 
pave 


pair 
lain 


wren 
no 


wine proof 
dump am 


lump 
and 


are 
no 


law 
pay 


pipe 
upon 


warm 
pair 


probe down 
wrap law 


warp 
linen 


ampere 
worn 


drop 
lieu 


warm 
dump 


adorn 
waif 


dwarf plane 
aim lamp 


plain 
drew 



dew nobody woman pump 
women apply aim dew 



earn warm air 
lump proven lieu 



alarm open order woman due aim roughen 
deafen pew layman drew lemon probe loop 

probe ripen plumb lamp order were every 
did ever will many are been with 

35. Writing exercise. — 

Write ten times. 

Write the complete exercise each time without 
taking the eyes from the copy. 

Accurate writing is a most important habit to de- 
velop; inaccurate work will form a very dangerous 
habit and one which will be very hard to overcome. 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



27 



This book is to develop accuracy and thorough- 
ness and to lay the foundation for speed. Lay it well. 



I-have your order. 

I-know of-no way. 

Did-he leave-no proof? 

Will-you-be on your lawn? 

Did-he leave upon your order? 

Will-he-have many? 

You-know everybody and I-know 

nobody. 

Will-you order a plane? 

He did order a plow. 

Did-you loan your pan? 

Did-you play on a damp lawn? 

We-have a pure wine. 



I-know you-are a layman. 
Will-he-know you-are-in? 
Dave and I were-ona lawn. 
We-are on an open plain. 
Will-you live in a warm room? 
We-are-in line. 
We-have a plow on order. 
Are-you damp? 
You-have an alarm. 
Drop your wrap and play on. 
Are-your linen and robe on a 
damp lawn? 



SECTION TWO 
Step Two 




The illustration shows the fin- 
gers writing URK as in lurk. In 
order that the middle finger may 
conveniently strike the K while 
the index finger is striking the 
R, the wrist bends in towards 
the center of the machine. 
Note also that the idle fingers 
are curved down towards the 
keys and in a relaxed position. 



^rC I T^r,^rrf * >t^ 


1 fe| L R [ fcl " 


n|jH@M M@u 


■ — * * — ^ i — i \j i — 1 /-= — ' » — , 



i/mm 



Strike H and K with the middle 
fingers. 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



29 



36. Finger exercise. — The mind must always 
keep ahead of the fingers. 

Write twenty times. 

1. 

P H D W L R -R M F f N K N S F M -R R L W 

D H 

2. 

WHNKPffHFPFWKHPKNWHNKPW 

f P P K H N H D K -R P R N L H W f P P 

3. 

HW PL -RK DR PR -RN PL DR -RK PR -RN HW DR PL 

37. Word signs.— 

-K can (verb) 

H how 

HWA what 

HWE when 

WR where 

HW whether 

HWI which 

PL I reply 



38. Word practice. — Study these important ex~ 
amples. 



HWAK 


whack 


HWARF 


wharf 


HWIF 


whiff 


HWIM 


whim 


HNIN 


whine 


HWI 


why 


HOE? 


whoop 


HO 


who 



Wh at the beginning of words 
usually has the sound of hw 
and is so written; whip, 
HWI?. 



The W is silent and not written. 



30 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



HWI+EF 


whichever 


HWAEF 


whatever 


WREP 


wherever 


HWE+EF 


whenever 


HI FN 


hyphen 


HASN 


happen 


HEFN 


heaven 


WEK+EN 


weaken 


LIK+EN 


liken 


DRUNK+EN 


drunken 


OK+EN 


oaken 


HARK+EN 


hearken 


PLUK 

Accuratt 


pluck 

i thinkine <3 



Keep the eyes on the copy; not on the keyboard. 
Write ten times. 



hear 


plank 


hope 


duck 


harm 


link 


heaven 


liken 


why 


wreck 


how 


everybody who 


rake 


which 


can 


ham 


pack 


weaken 


luck 


when 


hyphen 


look 


nobody 


happen 


are 


how 


can 


rack 


whoop 


drink 


whether 


prank 


oaken 


whim 


drunken 


when 


will 


park 


darken 


poke 


air 


where 


wick 


how 


dare 


lack 


why 


rack 


can 


what 


look 


whoop 


reply 


pick 


liken 


harm 


duck 


hope 


plank 


hear 


door 


pluck 


work 


drunken 


can 


how 


wick 


whatever order 


you 


did 


hove 


he 


and 


upon 


know 


whenever pluck 


hip 


liken 


why 


are 


drink 


nobody 


whine 


heaven 


wick 


hear 


reply 


hoof 


happen 


lieu 


work 


whenever luck 


many 


rake 


look 


whichever upon 


know 


air 


wherever nobody 


prime 


link 


whatever wreck 


heaven 


worn 


where 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



31 



39. Writing exercise. — 

Work for accuracy. 

Keep the eyes on the copy continuously. 

Keep the fingers curved towards the keys. 

Write ten copies; strive to make every one of them perfect. 



You-can be here when I arrive. 
How-can we-know what rock 
you will-order? 
How-many will-he order? 
We-have a rough plank. 
Which-can you-have? 
Will-he-know what we-can have? 
What luck did-you-have? 
Which order will pay-you? 
Did-he-have your hack? 
Will-nobody-know what-can 
happen? 

Will-you-know which I-can have? 
Pick up your harp. 
Will-you-have an order when 
you arrive? 

When-can we-have a dock? 
Which half did-you pick? 
How-many do we-have-in our 
pack? 

How-can I-know when Dan will- 
be due? 



Where-and when did-he hire a 

hack? 

Rake and pack a heap of hay. 

What will-you do? 

Where-can he-be? 

When will-he-be here? 

We-can rake your lawn. 

Do-you-know whether -many 

will-be here? 

How-many did-you-have? 

Were-you-in a wreck? 

What luck did-you-have? 

What-can he do? 

Do-you-know what-he-can do? 

How-do-you pick a duck? 

When will-he-know what-your 

order will-be? 

How-many are-in your room? 

Which wreck were-you-in? 

What work did-you do on your 

lawn? 

What will-be-in her reply? 



SECTION TWO 



Step 




Three 

Illustrating the fingering in the 
word chart. The hand bends out 
slightly at the wrist so as to 
make it easy for the ring finger 
to strike C while the middle fin- 
ger strikes H. This permits the 
ring finger to strike its key 
without carrying the lower key 
down also. The thumb pulls in 
under the hand to strike A. 



40. Finger exercise. — 

Write twenty times. 

1. 

CPHDWFfNK-TKN 

fFM-RRLWDHPC 



Strike C and -T with the ring 
fingers. 



PNC-THKC-TKNHL-RRHK 
MCNP-TH-TCKCNH-TKP 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



33 



3. 

CL -RT -KT CH -PT CL -NT CR -FT -RT 
CR -FT CH -ST CR -KT CL -NT -RT CH 



41. Word signs. — 

C can (verb), com-, con-, col-, cor-, 

-T it, the 

-NT not 

ffKDSi , (comma) 

42. Word practice. — Study carefully the uses of 
all the principles illustrated in the following examples : 



C has the sound of k. 



A+DOFT 


adopt 


E+RUffT 


erupt 


AKT 


act 


E+REKT 


erect 


CIND 


kind 


CEff 


keep 


CPAR 


compare 


CDUKT 


conduct 


CRUST 


corrupt 


CPLAIN 


complain 


CDEM 


condemn 


C+CUR 


concur 


C+CAF 


concave 


CLEKT 


collect 


COMK 


comic 


COM+A 


comma 


COMT 


comet 


CERT+AIN 


certain 


AK+CEfT 


accept 


C-NT 


cannot 



C for com-, etc., is used in same 
stroke with remainder of word 
when possible. 



Com is part of the body of these 
words (not a prefix) and is writ- 
ten out in full. C is used for 
com-, con-, col- and cor- only 
when they are prefixes. 

Initial C is used for hard or soft c. 



34 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



Write 


seven times. 










can 
adopt 


wrote 
damp 


claim 
not 


plot 
it 


check 
wrought 


write 
clamp 


drink 
act 


cheat 
keep 


erupt 
chip 


came 
debt 


which 
kick 


compare 
erect 


have 
crown 


upon 
date 


coat 
writ 


adept 
put 


compare 
drive 


went 
compact 


cannot 
when 


aim 
light 


where 
crank 


comply 
pint 


what 
it 


adopt 
how 


everybody conduct 
condemn order 


dump 
correct 


wait 
know 


complain whethei 
the concave 


■ erect 
drunk 


have 
corrupt 


accept 
with 


it 
damp 


chain 
drink 


what 
concur 


adept 
many 


cannot 
why 


know 
charm 


did 
act 


collect 
the 


ampere 
can (verb) 


43. Writing exercise.- 










Write seven j 


times. 











He put a dent in-the pan. 
Did-he collect the debt? 
How late did-he wait? 
He caught the car. 
Will-you come-in? 
He wrote it on-the draft. 
Can-he clamp-the chair with- 
it? 

He wrote the home plant. 
Compute the count and correct 
the rate. 

I-know we-can lift the clay out 
of-the cave with-a rope. 
With which order will-you com- 
ply? 

Will-you condemn-the light in- 
the park? 
Will-you come here and write? 



Wait here and order a hack. 

Keep-the room clean. 

Did-he correct the count? 

Did-the court condemn-the 

crown? 

He did-not know-it. 

Did-he collect the claim? 

How did-he compute the rate? 

Do-you care whether-he-can 

come or-not? 

Can-you draw-it out of-the can? 

Clark cannot complain of-the 

claim. 

Clay will-not comply with-your 

order. 

I-have-it in-the right drawer. 

When he came here he went 

right out. 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



35 



I-have-not been-in-the car. 

I-have-been-in-the park. 

Did-you-not have-it in-the 

pocket? 

I cannot complete the work. 

The check will-not be written 

with ink. 

Did-you-have-the car? 

We-have your order-of even 

date. 

How-will-he order-it? 

He did-not have-the complete 

claim. 



When you-are here you-can com- 
pute it, and I-can learn whether- 
or-not he-can allow-the claim. 
I-have-not been on-the plank. 
Will-you-not write? 
How-will-the order come? 
When you order-the pipe, have-it 
cut. 

Our complaint will-be complete. 
Will-he-have-it in-the crate? 
Did-he ever order-the clamp? 
Will-you-not order-the coat? 
Where did-you write the check? 



SECTION TWO 
Step Four 




Fingering END in the word send. 
The hand rises a little to allow 
the ring finger to strike D as the 
middle finger goes forward to 
strike N. 



cr 



D C 



Finger T and -D with the ring 
fingers. 





NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



37 



44. Finger exercise. — Write twenty times. 

CTPHDWLR-RMFSNK-T-D-TK 
NSFM-RRLWDHPT 

-D P T N -T C K P -T T -D C K P N -D H 
-T T L M R C T -R -T C -D 

TH -SD -KTD TR -MD -ffTD THR -RND 
-KD -NKD THW -FD TW -FTD THR -RMD 
-ffD TW -RKD TH -RD TR -ND THW 

45. Word signs. — 



-D 


did 


T 


it, the 


TH 


that 


THR 


there, their 


THI 


this 



46. Word practice. 



TRETD 


treated 


THIND 


thinned 


TRAffD 


trapped 


TUFTD 


tufted 


RAMD 


rammed 


CLERKD 


clerked 


DROSD 


dropped 


CTEND 


contend 


A+DOffTD 


adopted 


PROFD 


proved 


RASD 


rabid 


THA 


they 


PRA 


prey 



D in final ecfis sounded d or t; 
as, rammed, RAMD; trapped, 
TRASD; landed, LAND+D. In 
all instances, it is written D, the 
vowel e being dropped. 



CHURND 

CAN+DID 

THRET+END 

HARD+END 

A+WARD+D 



churned 

candid 

threatened 

hardened 

awarded 



In these words y is a vowel; 
ey is written in the same man- 
ner as ei in weigh, etc. See 
paragraph 22. 



38 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



Write seven times. 










tired 
did 


hardened dropped 
threaten there 


cried 
load 


thumb 
armed 


upon 
hand 


harmed 
lifted 


threaded kind 
it thank 


twine 
word 


thick 
dated 


wind 
roved 


reared 
through 


tracked 
paid 


wound 
thump 


threw 
card 


looked 
this 


wired 
teem 


that 
lard 


trapped 
round 


that 
think 


the 
then 


tweed 
plowed 


thinned 
lump 


than 
dyed 


many 
loved 


tuned 
whether 


proud 
tufted 


thwart 
crowd 


dye 
tin 


thrown 
dread 


ribbed 
treated 


am 
learned 


tripped 
rabid 


every 
trimmed 


their loud 
darkened true 


contend 
wide 


thrive 
did 


collide 
rented 


they 
content 


rammed 
dead 


twin 
threaten 


dropped 
clerked 


tan 
linked 


hard 
thanked 


proved 
churned 


landed 
charmed 


adopted 
turned 



kind 



tamed acted locked candid thanked hardened 



47. Writing excercise.— 

Strive for absolute accuracy. Doing any one thing 
over and over perfectly is certain to develop speed, 
and writing the exercises accurately time after time 
is the sure way to obtain speed in machine 
shorthand. Make accuracy first and speed second 
in importance. 



Write seven times. 
Did-you-know that-he would be 
here? 

He-did not care to-be there. 
That-order did-not arrive-in time. 
This pipe did-not come-in time 
to-be packed with-the pump. 
Whether-or-not the tank can- 
be packed will depend upon-the 
crate. 



There can-be-no reply to this. 

Their-order will-be here at that 

time. 

That-will-be packed late. 

The-order will-be delayed a day. 

We-have had their-order here a 

day. 

There will-be a can of paint on 

their-order. 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



39 



It-did-not come crated. 

We-did not know that-you would 

be here. 

Will-he-be content with this 

order? 

It-will-be paid. 

The tin will-be weighed. 

Do-not attempt to load the tin. 

He tore this off too. 

You-did the hard work. 



The car collided with-the train. 
The twine will come packed. 
Will he try to rob them? 
That train will run on time. 
The paint will-be thinned. 
I-did not work at that time. 
He took-it to-the wharf and 
threw-it off. 

They had done-the work when 
I arrived. 



SECTION TWO 
Step Five 



48. Finger exercise. — 




Strike B and -G with the little 
fingers. 



The third exercise, containing the combinations of 
consonants, will be especially helpful in the practice 
work. Some of these combinations may seem diffi- 
cult at first, but constant finger practice will enable 
you to write them easily. 

Write each group twenty times. 

BCTLRFFNK-T-D 

G-TKNM-RWDTCB 

T-TB-DCGHKBGL-R T C-D 
-TBKGT-DCGTB-DCBTKG 

BL -RG BR -RSG BL -RFG -KG BR -NKG 
-NG -RMG -MBG BR -NG BL -DG -R?G BR 



49. Word signs. — 

B be-, but 

-G go, gone, -ing 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



41 



50. Word practice.- 

the machine. 



-Practice these examples on 



BLO 




below 








BLONG 




belong 








BHIND 




behind 




. 




CHANG 




change 




-G is used for both final g and 


BR 1 NG+G 




bringing 




J sounds. 




LOEKG 




looking 








CHARG+G 




charging 








TIG 




tying 








G+G 




going 








?G 




being 








THING 




thing 








HUR+I 




hurry 




In all such words y is a vowel and 


BER+I 




berry 




is written 1. 




HUR+I G 




hurrying 








BLANKT 




blanket 








BUDG+ET 


budget 








WOUT 




without 








CUN+TRI 




country 








Write seven times. 








blow 


thing 


bar 


drag 


beef pig 


bone 


hang 


break 


ring 


book 


drug black 


wrong 


be 


gone 


bank 


long 


bent large 


but 


going 


bought log 


blame 


gone bring 


go 


boot 


cage 


broom 


carving 


breaking looking 


blanket 


trying 


playing crying 


beating 


change rending 


hinge 


brown 


running brick 


working 


thanking become 


kind 


trained 


behind crating 


below 


reaming tying 


crated 


behead 


living 


blanket 


routing 


behoove packing 


being 


happened beware waiting 


belong 


gone but 


without 


cherry 


where 


i hurry 


when 


pity with 


city 


party 


beauty plenty 


bury 


tardy happy 


dirty 



42 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 

51. Writing exercise. — Punctuate as you write. 

Write ten times. 

But-I cannot correct the order without knowing how- 
many there were. 
Did-you-go with him on that trip? 
Were-you-gone when-the order came? 
Where did-you-go? 

He did-not take many-of them with him, but-had 
plenty. 

It-will-go prepaid. 

I-am-going to write him when I arrive home. 
We-are-going on a long trip through-the country. 
Will-he-be-gone when I arrive there? 
Your order, being on-the way, ought to arrive-in a day. 
We ordered a brown blanket, but-it-did-not come. 
You-are running behind on our order. 
We want an iron ring around the brick. 
We-have a large order to put up. 
What kind of brick were-you wanting? 
Are-you working on our type? 
Bring the type you-have-been ninning. 
When they-go hunting they take their blanket with 
them. 

We had been-gone about an hour and a half when he 
came. 

Where did-you-have that lot of wood? 
He would like to-go with-you on that trip. 
I-have to-be at the plant at that time. 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 43 

Exercise for skill. — Practice the following exercise for skill 
while studying Section Three. 

The time in which the entire exercise should be written is: 
1 min. 40 sec. at completion of Step One, Section Three 
1 min. 26 sec. at completion of Step Two, Section Three 
1 min. 15 sec. at completion of Step Three, Section Three 
1 min. 6 sec. at completion of Step Four, Section Three 
1 min. sec. at completion of Step Five, Section Three 

How did it act? 

Put a comma here. 

It acted like this. 

Can it be in the linen? 

Did you collect the debt? 

Upon what did they condemn him? 

How can you reply to their plea? 

What were you doing in that city? 

Who kept the party out in the rain? 

Where and which way did the women go? 

They are bringing no change with them. 

They have gone and have left him behind. 

I think they went this way, but I do not know when. 

I did not know whether or not he took the awning there at that time. 



SECTION THREE 
Step One 
52. Finger exercise. — 



z> c 



Strike S and Si with the little fin- 
gers. 




Write twenty times. 
BSCTPHNK-T-DGfcG-D-TKNHPTCS 

CS-D&BP&SGB&ST&GB&S-TCfcSGBb 

ST -NKfc STR -RTSi SPL -NDSi SCR -NGSt SW -Mb 

53. Word signs. — 

S is, also as in phrases 

Si is, also as in phrases 

D-fc Dear Sir 

54. Word practice. — Practice the illustrated words 
on the machine until they are written easily and rapidly. 

Write Si for final Z. 
Write S for initial Z. 



DASl+D 


dazed 


HASi+l 


hazy 


SINK 


zinc 


SOE 


zoo 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



45 



-D& 


didst 


BE5? 


best 


PA* 


paste 


WOR* 


worst 


e+s 1 $»+-TG 


consisting 


Slfc+TER 


sister 


HAfc+TI 


hasty 


Afc+K 


ask 


Rlfc+CI 


risky 


TAfc+K 


task 


SPASh-M 


spasm 


CAfc+M 


chasm 


PRIfc+M 


prism 


L I ft+ff 


lisp 


PA?* 


paper 


LADS* 


ladder 


BAR?* 


barber 


STOR 


store 


BUR+ID 


buried 


BER+lfc 


berries 


PASfc+fc 


papers 


POERfc 


poorer 


SHUG& 


sugar 


LAfffc+ER 


laborer 


LOfc+ERfc 


losers 


BORDfc 


boarder 


E+LEKTfc 


elector 



In writing words ending in st, 
and ste drop the t. 



When dropping the t would not 
save a stroke, write it. 



When final consonants occur in 
an order that cannot be written 
in the same stroke, as sk, sm, 
etc., write as much of the word 
as possible at the first stroke. 



& is written for final r whenever 
so doing will save a stroke; as 
P0ER&, poorer. In all other 
cases, however, use — R, as & 
must never be used for r unless 
its use will save a stroke. 



In such a word as papers, 
which might be written either 
PA&5H-& or PAS+ERfc, PASfc+& 
is the preferred form. In this 
manner the operator becomes 
accustomed to writing one out- 
line only for a word, adding % to 
form the plural ; whereas writing 
PA§*+ERSl would mean practicing 
two outlines for the word, one 
PAffc for the singular and the 
other PAE+ER& for the plural, 
which is not advisable. 



sew 



An exception to Paragraph 34. 



46 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



ROft+ft 

pr i ft+ft 


roses 
prices 




In such words, e is 
the last stroke. 


dropped in 


idea l+DE 
chemist C EM+ 1 ft 
opening OfNG 
preference PREFft+ENft 
compliance C P L 1 N ft 
absence Afft+ENft 


clearance CLERNft 
residence REft+DENft 
conscience C+S H E N ft 
evidence EF+DENft 
buying B 1 G 
assistance A+S 1 ft+TANft 


Write ten times. 
steam hands 
bonds stocks 


ship 
brass 


price 
soft 


sweet 
boots 


loans 
shoes 


streets 
blaze 


dusk 
same 


soon 
bags 


is 
some 


saws 
cause 


as 
zoo 


splits 
best 


bestow 
saying 


zinc 
becoming 


purse 
storing 


scrap craze 
containing swept 


paper 
spasm 


rasp 
poorer 


worker 
seeks 


took 
stronger 


shipper 
desk 


prism 
harder 


larger 
duster 


rest 
softer 


slower 
ask 


didst 
heater 


bigger 
lost 


swept 
barber 


braces 
rafter 


ladder 
turning 


houses 
springs 


broker 
comprises 


prices 
roads 


timber 
opening 


renters 
pounding 


sweep 
since 


sending 
list 


chemist 
swear 


presses 
rusty 


cost 
clearance 


residence 
task 


test 
preference 


conscience 
sister 


trust license 
compliance roast 


clasp 
difference 


absence 
swing 


chasm 
best 


evidence 
sweet 


buying 
chance 


assistance lost 
swore concise 


shares 
better 


bids 
risk 


seem 
higher 


besides 
worst 


states 
consist 


consisting 
chest 


buzz 


dusty 


seizes 


hasty 


ounce 


swift 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 47 

55. Writing exercise. — Write ten times. 

Ship as-many-as you-can by boat. 
Is-the car on-the way to-the shops? 
How-is it that-you-have-not shipped our last order? 
Ship us as-many-of-the same size as-you-can. 
Should you-have-it in stock, please send us some at 
once. 

His idea-of what was said is somewhat hazy. 
The book-is short and concise. 
These are-the best bags we-can offer our trade. 
Do-you think your sister will buy that residence? 
He asked whether-or-not I thought it-would be risky 
to buy those big rasps. 

We did-not have-the iron step-ladder in stock then. 
I learned that some-of your boarders were barbers. 
We-have-no preference as-to-the kind of saws you 
buy. 

The house writes that-you-are opening an elaborate 
boot and shoe store. 

The chemist has not tested that acid since the ware- 
house burned. 

I saw them crossing a bridge over the chasm. 
They erected the houses of-the zoo on-the edge of-the 
park. 

We-are out of clasps at this time but-will ship them-as 
soon-as they-can be had. 

We wired you-not to ship-the last order-of spring 
hinges, as-it-is too late in-the season to-use them 
on screen doors. 

How-is it that we-have-not had a reply pertaining 
to-the heater in our warehouse? 
Your prices are higher than we-have-been paying 
on-the same class of stock. 

This paper is as-poor-as the rag paper you shipped us 
in-the last car, about which we complained to-you. 



SECTION THREE 



Step Two 

56. Combination letters.— Letters not on the 
keyboard are represented by the combination of 
other letters. For instance, initial G, having no 
key of its own, is represented by CT. 



Write CT for G. 
Write -RM for -L. 



57. Word signs.— 

-Dfc -shun suffixes 

TIRM (TIL) until 
-RM (L) will (verb) 



^ 



T 



D C 




I* 01 




-Dfc is written for all suffixes, 
or "word endings," having -shus* ■ 
-shun, 'ShaU or -ashun sounds 
represented by the spellings 
-tion, -tial, -cious, -ation, 
-scious, etc. Partial, PARDfc; 
cushion, CUDfc; pension, 
PENDfc; ration, RADS. 



58. Word practice. — Practice several times on 
the machine. 

First practice from the column giving the outlines 
of the words, then from the words themselves, cover- 
ing from view one column while practicing from the 
other. 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



49 



CUDS) cushion 

SU+SP I DSt suspicion 

DE+SCR I ffDfc description 

SPEDSt special 

PARDS* partial 

DL I DSt delicious 



C-DS* 



conscious 



DREKDSt 


direction 


CPLEKDS* 


complexion 


SLEKDfc 


selection 


L0KD& 


location 


CPLIKDS* 


complica tion 


D 1 KTD& 


dictation 


ANKDSl 


anxious 


RERMDS* 


relation 


REG+URMDS* 


regulation 


SARM+UTDS* 


salutation 


A+CUSh-DS* 


accusation 


PER+SWADS* 


persuasion 


0PS*+DSl 


operation 


CRISh-CHAN 


Christian 


RE+LIG+US* 


religious 


CTLAD 


glad 


CTRINDG 


grinding 


CTRAD+UDS* 


graduation 


CARKTS* 


character 


POSH- ID* 


position 


POSh-EDSi 


possession 


0+POft+IDS? 


opposition 


CPOSi+IDSl 


composition 


BAM 


balm 


PAW 


palm 



E is unimportant and dropped. 

C for prefix con and -DS* for suf« 

fix sound -shus. 

J is unimportant and dropped. 

E is unimportant and dropped. 



Has sound of ank and -shus. 



May also be written with a in 
last syllable. A+CUSH-ADSi. 

Do not come under the -shun 
principle. 



Before m, / is silent and not 
written. 



50 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



Write ten times. 








great 
build 


dull 
grand 


gloom 
twist 


swell 
larger 


grain 
will (verb) 


help 
dwelling 


bulb 
shelves 


green 
dealt 


ball 
group 


ground 
beginning 


until 
boiling 


gage 
dull 


will (noun) 
sales 


begun 
willing 


well 
grading 


howling 
stares 


gripping 
poles 


compiling 
grief 


selling 
condition 


compels 
pension 


cushion 
attraction 


attention 
collar 


special 
essential 


contention 
illusion 


partial 
bumper 


conscious 
silk 


hold 
rules 


anxious 
every 


grinding 
well 


cautious 
good 


bail 
description 


ever 
dictation 


lamps 
will 


order 
glad 


until 
what 


self 
precious 


where 
social 


granting 
delicious 


many 
began 


grading 
whether 


wool 
bales 


complexion 
with 


addition 
suspicion 


wore 
gracious 


correction 
persuasion 


sanction 
construction 


cushion 
pension 


suction 
can 


occasion 
tension 


decision 
procession 


when 
begun 


compression 
upon 


religious 
discussion 


possession 
know 


composition 
conclusion 


location 
application 


character 
been 


opposition 
that 


complication 
creation 


, solution 
there 


rotation 
but 


population 
oration 


regulation 
position 


donation 
rations 


relation 
go 


operation 
gone 


as 
temptation 


social 
action 


accusation 
salutation 


began 
portion 


station 
collection 


election 
direction 


calm 
correction 


option 
section 


selection 
completion 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 51 

59. Writing exercise. — 

Write five times. 

Your contention is wrong. 

I-will wait until you come. 

He-is not conscious of his actions. 

He has been granted a pension. 

We-are grinding your tools and cutters. 

He has begun to sell his grain in bulk. 

He-will-be-going there within a day or so. 

We-are giving you special prices on this grade of wool 

and silk. 

They-will-be-the largest gages we build and, when 
placed in-the proper location, will show-the correct 
compression at all times. 

Under these conditions, we believe they-will begin-the 
construction of-the traction line within a short time. 
There has been a heavy suction under the ground, 
which has placed the suspension bridge under great 
tension. 

He-is conducting the collection of-the subscriptions 
under the direction of-the corporation head. 
In conclusion, we-are sorry that we cannot see our way 
clear to accept your proposition with-regard to-the 
completion of-the last section of-the bridge. 
They-have asked us to help them-in selling the large- 
sized piling, which we-will do should no complica- 
tions arise. 

Concerning the special cushions on order, we-are 
glad to assure you that they-will-be shipped in this 
car. 

I-am sure you-will-be too late with-your application. 
He-will-be there until all-of-the grinding wheels ar- 
rive and will show-you how to-use them. 



SECTION THREE 



Step Three 



60. Combination letters. 

Write PH for F 

Write CW for QU 



Write -G& for -L, 




61. Word signs. — 

PH (F) if 

PHI (FI) file 

-G* (-L,) letter; -ly 



Ph used initially in a word has 
the sound of /. 

Q is always followed by u and 
the two together usually have the 
sound of kw. CW (KW) is, 
therefore, the natural combina- 
tion for qu; CWART, quart. 

This is the second combination 
for final L. It is called final- 
L-two or second-final-L. 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



53 



62. Word practice. — Follow instructions given in 
paragraph 58. 



RENTGfc 


rental 


LEG+ARM 


legal 


BARGfc+fc 


barrels 


TONfc+IRMfc 


tonsils 


CRia+TARM+lfc 


crystallize 


O+CADfc+ARM 


occasional 


SCEF+TIKGfc 


skeptical 


SPHERKGS* 


spherical 


CEMKG5* 


chemical 


E+LEK+TRIKGfc 


electrical 


PLIT+IKG& 


political 


SHRUDGfc 


shrewdly 


RERMGfc 


really 


LUKGfc 


luckily 


C-D&+G& 


consciously 


CTROSh-G* 


grossly 


SPEDSh-G* 


specially 


PH 1 NGfc+Gfc 


finally 


PRAK+TIKGfc 


practical 


E+CWARMGfc 


equally 


RIG+IDGfc 


rigidly 


LEG+ARMGfc 


legally 


THORGfc 


thoroughly 


PHATG51+G& 


fatally 


RASDGfc 


rapidly 


AK+TIFG* 


actively 


P05H-TIFG& 


positively 


Wl RMG+GS? 


willingly 


PHIft+IKGS? 


physical 


PHIfc+IKGfc+Gfc 


physically 


RAD+IKG5* 


radical 


RAD+IKG5»+G^ 


radically 


RE+PETDGfc 


repeatedly 


ANT+DOT 


antidote 



Use -L 2 when so doing will save 
a stroke. In all other cases, 
however, use -L n as -L 2 must 
never be used unless its use 
will save a stroke." 



Always write -G5? (-L 2 ) tot -ly. 



This i is unimportant. 



54 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



Write five times. 








queer 

fuming 


rail 
better 


quart 
filing 


fair 
quote 


quicker 
found 


quill 
legally 


friend 
really 


letter 
people 


quite 
chapel 


sadly 
fire 


purely 
panel 


quire 
specially 


busily 
fear 


finding 
tackle 


surely 
afford 


briefly 
dental 


fickle 
from 


dented 
simple 


for 
lively 


letter 
fly 


sample 
trifle 


feeling 
kindly 


if 
freight 


travel 
kettle 


quarter 
paddles 


fruit 
float 


badly 
barrels 


fleet 
idly 


builder 
until 


rarely 
little 


title 
operation 


finger 
loudly 


begrudge 
faction 


function 
doubly 


situation 
gladly 


actively 
equally 


safely 
lively 


file 
surely 


freely 
relatively 


bravely 
actively 


positively 
luckily 


willingly 
weekly 


thoroughly 
really 


daily 
logical 


family 
chemical 


typical 
title 


comical 
physically 


spherical 
bridal 


clerical 
practical 


electrical 
local 


political 
legal 


skeptical 
formal 


pedal 
spinal 


squeal 
final 


fatally 
conditional 


occasional 
spiral 


grossly 
rental 


personal 
chisel 


liberally 
finally 


several 
chills 


occasional 
funnel 


crystallize 
quarrel 


label 
squirrel 


cancel 
orally 


flannel 
quiet 


gravel 
paddle 


evil 
badly 


tonsils 
gladly 


civil 
sadly 


peddle 
repeatedly 


rapidly 
likely 


kindly 
barely 


rigidly 
fashion 


wholly 
practical 


shrewdly 
fatally 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



55 



63. Writing exercise. — 

Write ten times. 



guarantee 
delivery 
quotations 
appliances 



CTARNT 
DLIF+RI 
CWOTDfc+Sl 
A+PLINfc+fc 



once 

conseq uen tly 

privilege 

splendid 



We-have filed your order for oak barrels and will fill- 
it out of -the first car we get. 

We-are shipping your order for panels and are sure- 
the goods will please you. 

We-can use as-many barrels of this quickly drying 
glue as-you-can ship us during the summer. 
We-have your-letter and order of-the third, and your 
goods will-be shipped-as soon-as we-can pack them, 
which-will-be in about a week. 
Your quotations will-have full consideration before 
we let the contract. 

They-are actively engaged in filing complaints. 
Quotations on all electrical appliances are conditional. 
We cannot accept the last car-of chemicals, as-they- 
are far below-the standard tests. 
We fully realize the effect of-the delay, and are con- 
sequently completing your order as-fast as we can. 

Their contract entitles them to weekly reports. 
If-you-are ready to stock up on woolens and flannels, 
we-will quote you our best prices. 

Dear Sir: 

We should like to-have-the privilege of showing you 
samples of our latest spring styles of women's gowns 
and hats. We-have a large selection of ready 
sellers and-can quote bargain prices for early delivery. 

Our line-is full-of good strong leaders for your spring 
opening. 



WON* 

C+SCWENTGS 
PRIF+LEG 
SPLEN+DID 



SECTION THREE 



Step Four 



64. Secondary Keys.- 



Ck 



% 



p^ CZ 



^-Tf< 



"\The long 
-^ above and 



33 C 



keys 
below 
the Consonants 
are the Second" 
ary Keys. They 
are struck in con- 
junction with the 
Primary Keys, and 

cause them to write additional and different characters. 

When the H, W or R key is struck at the same time 

as the Secondary Key, Y, M or N is printed instead 

of H. W or R. 





• , TTtnHIII""""""'-" TTTITm ™ 



65. Word signs. — 

N in, in- 

Nl any 



In using the Sec- 
ondary Keys, use 
the same finger- 
ing as for the 
Primary Keys. 
The Secondary 
Key is never 
struck alone, but 
always with the 
Primary Keys. 
The illustration 
shows how the 
keys are oper- 
ated. 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



57 



66. Word practice. — The following illustrations 
are very important. First study them carefully, then 
practice them repeatedly on the machine. 



C+MAND 

C+MIT+E 

C+NEKTG 

COMN 
C0M+ER5? 

MAG+NET+IK 

MA+TUR 

NA+TUR 

MIN+ERGS* 

MARKT 

NU+MERKGfc 

MER+CHANT 

ME+CANK 

NAPfe 

AD+MIDfc 

AM+BID5* 

IM+PER+TIF 

IM+AG+IN 

N+PHER 

N+DURMG 

N+PHEKDfc 

MON+OSGfc 

MAN+SCRIffT 

MAN+lff+LAT 

AUT+MOffGfc 

MON+CTRAM 

IM+TAT 

C+STUDfc+ARM 

N+STUT 

SUS+STUT 

IM+NENT 

MAN+PHEfc 



command 

committee 

connecting 

common 
commerce 

magnetic 

mature 

nature 

mineral 

market 

numerical 

merchant 

mechanic 

neighbor 

admission 

ambitious 

imperative 

imagine 

infer 

indulge 

infection 

monopoly 

manuscript 

manipulate 

automobile 

monogram 

imitate 

constitutional 

institute 

substitute 

imminent 

manifest 



(Exceptions to 
and 42.) 



paragraphs 41 



Note how these words are divided 
into strokes. Unless special 
provision is made by rule, as in 
paragraphs 29 and 54, the prac- 
tice should be to divide the word 
according to the natural inclina- 
tion of the operator rather than 
according to its division into 
syllables. While the operator 
will usually divide between syl- 
lables, it is more important to 
divide easily and quickly (wheth- 
er by syllables or not) than to 
lose time trying to call to mind 
the proper syllabic division. 



These illustrations show to what 
extent vowels — and sometimes 
consonants — may be omitted. 



MAN+PHORMD 

MED+CIN 

NORMDG 

MED+UM 

0+PIN+ON 

PRASfc 

W0RG5* 



manifold 

medicine 

knowledge 

medium 

opinion 

perhaps 

world 



58 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



Write seven times. 








mail 


knock 


make 


middle 


'any 


never 


yeast 


member 


yarns 


normal 


mission 


none 


connection 


matter 


commendable 


infection 


"market 


name 


command 


manner 


moral 


noon 


milk 


night 


common 


yonder 


miles 


now 


maid 


neck 


nails 


singer 


mining 


nearer 


most 


mask 


cautious 


connecting 


ambitious 


new 


notion 


more 


admission 


must 


commotion 


miners 


commence 


mending 


comment 


model 


knowledge 


motion 


recommendation nearly 


mansion 


committee 


know 


commerce 


malicious 


mean 


suspicion 


middle 


knowledge 


main 


connection 


mean 


infer 


magnate 


incline 


numerical 


yard 


money 


automobile 


marvelous 


infection 


magnetic 


indulge 


yellow 


note 


mantel 


novel 


manipulate 


noon 


minimum 


insist 


marble 


commerce 


manage 


import 


manifold 


ambition 


yield 


margin 


medal 


immoral 


manuscript 


imagine 


younger 


missing 


announce 


nerve 


message 


institute 


medicine 


moving 


mumble 


narrow 


merger 


imminent 


meeting 


night 


metal 


immune 


manifest 


imperative 


mortally 


nibble 


massive 


yoke 


morning 


nice 


yearly 


imitate 


mason 


immortal 


mature 


neighbor 


monogram 


merit 


merchant 


need 


mercy 


nominal 


mayor 


institute 


mineral 


imagine 


minor 


admission 


mechanic 


incline 


meat 


automobile 


master 


immune 


monopoly 


mellow 


meadow 


member 


merely 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND j>9 

67. Writing exercise. — Beginning with this 
step, phrasing will not be indicated. The student 
should now be able to phrase properly and should 
make good use of this speed medium. 

Write seven times. 

material MA+TERGS* phenomenal PHEN+0MNG51 

personally PER&+NARMG5* office 0F5* 

conspicuous C+SPIK+Ufc confident CPHI+DENT 

promised PROMfc+D operated OSfc+ATD 

There is at the present time a good market for our 
new model. 

The material will be shipped in three cases. 

The yearly income is not as large as that promised by 
the members of the corporation. 

If you have time, I should like to have you call 
at the institute in the morning, as I am prepared 
to discuss ways and means for our new course in 
medicine. 

To say the least, his work with us has been com- 
mendable, and we take great pride in being able to 
recommend him for a higher position. 

Our foreman's knowledge in this matter is the ac- 
cumulation of years of personal contact with our 
enterprise. 

Keep the files of the complete transaction intact so 
that we can have them should occasion arise. 

The magnate's promises of phenomenal yields were 
so strong that most of the members regarded him 
with an air of suspicion. 

We must insist upon your meeting your obligations 
promptly. 



60 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 

Admission to the meeting will be by ticket only and 
we recommend that you arrange for yours at once 
through our nearest office. 

Suspicion was centered on the young man who, it 
is said, had a knowledge of the contents of the safe. 

Dear Sir: 

You may select any color you desire. Personally, I 
prefer the yellow model. I believe you would like 
this shade of yellow. It could be set off with 
black trimmings and light green striping. The little 
panel at the top of the rear door would not be too 
conspicuous a place for a neat monogram in plain black 
or green letters. 

Dear Sir: 

With your permission we should like to mail you for 
a few days' trial one of our new model letter openers. 
When you see the manner in which this opener can 
be operated by the office boy and the mail matter 
he can promptly and safely open for you, you will never 
permit us to call it back. It will mean an immense 
saving in the handling of your incoming mail. 

We are so confident our new opener is what you need 
that we are willing to take a chance on your buying 
it after a thorough trial. 

May we hear from you? 



/ 



SECTION THREE 
Step Five 



<SS^£S£> 



j cb: 



■TP-^ 





68. Word signs. — 



The final M, ? and K keys struck 
with the Secondary Key write 
R, U and ifi respectively. The 
same fingering is used as when 
writing the Primary Keys alone. 



-NG 


nothing 


PHO {FO) 


inform 


SOMG 


something 


CE 


receive , receipt 


NIG 


anything 


CLO 


inclose, enclose 



invoice 



69. Word practice. — 



WEBifi 


wealth 


u\m 


ninth 


ERifi 


earth 


CTROiB 


growth 


CLOffi 


clothe 


BRED+ifi 


breadth 


PH 1 F+ifi 


fifth 


DEM 


depth 


WARM+ifi 


warmth 


SEFN+ifi 


seventh 


HEiB+Efl 


heathen 


PHAifi+OM 


fathom 


Rlffi+M 


rhythm 


M 1 ili+ 1 KG$t 


mythical 


CLOUR 


incisure 



fc* is used for 1 or n. The 
Secondary Key is used for 
writing 1 or n only when neces- 
sary to write combinations of 
letters not on the Primary Key- 
board. For instance, hurl would 
be written HURGS* and never 
with RfcJ, on the Secondary Key. 



MEifi+OD 


method 


TWEN+Tlifi 


twentieth 


SEtJifi 


zenith 


SIMS+THI 


sympa thy 


MARMFGfc 


malleable 


B+NEifi 


beneath 



62 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



PH0D& 
PHOG 


information 
informing 


See paragraph 18. 


izm 

STREBifi 


length 
strength 


Omit g in ngth. 


Write i 


seven rimes. 








stealth 
compulsion 


receive 
death 


commonwealth recognize 
materialize anything 


sheath 
precisely 


length 
invoice 


malleable 
health 


booth 
compensate 


comprise 

strength 


moth 
mythical 


breadth 
lath 


nutrition 
path 


method 
compound 


complicate 
filth 


fourth 
something 


complaint 
growth 


tithe 
competent 


earth 
inform 


nothing 
birth 


combination 
invoice 


circumscribe zenith 
broth recollection 


masterpiece 
faith 


pathetic 
something 


worth 
information 


transcript 
something 


swarthy 
information 


pliable 
width 


clothe 
inclose 


nothing 
tooth 


enclose 
enclosure 


wrath 
transcript 


navigation 
nimble 


mirth 
receipt 


inform 
youth 


compare 
lath 


breadth 
session 


invoice 
nothing 


tenth 
receipt 


anything 
beneath 


compulsion 
girth 


fifth 
sympathy 


compose 
wreath 


bath 
litigation 


inform 
twelfth 


resolution 
ninth 


depth 
precisely 


materialize 
fourth 


nothing 
receive 


pathetic 
hath 


informing 
warmth 


seventh 
method 


fathom 
oath 


dearth 
invoice 


heathen 
hearth 


rhythm 
henceforth 


twentieth 
both 


competent 
loathe 


compose 
something 


receipt 
eighth 


method 
complicate 


nothing 
anything 


month 
cloth 


comprise 
inclosure 


truth 
wealth 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 63 

70. Writing exercise. — 

Write seven times. 

allegiance A+LEG+ANfc hickory H I K+R I 

administered AD+M I Nfc+TERD comparison CPARfc+ON 

annual AN+URM contemplating CTEM+PLATG 

annul A+NURM 

We have your instructions of the fourth to mail the 

fifth, seventh and tenth lessons of the new method 

on the eighth of this month. 

Are you in the market for any cotton or woolen cloth? 

He is in perfect health. 

You stated in your letter of the ninth that you would 

not need the booth. 

You did not specify the length of the planks you 

received. 

He is a man of wealth. 

This will be the tenth annual clothing sale. 

The truth of the matter is, most of the dealers have 

nothing to offer this month. 

You cannot see or hear anything beyond the eleventh 

or twelfth rows. 

We have received no more information concerning the 

first invoice and will remit nothing until we have both 

for comparison. 

He informed us that they enclosed a sample of fine 
kid. 

If this does not have strength enough we can give 
you something heavier, but it will cost more money. 
The strength of this cloth is greater than that of 
any of the old stocks. 

The oath of allegiance was administered to all the 
young men contemplating entering the navy. 



64 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 

Dear Sir: 

Complying with your request for samples of our auto- 
mobile wheels, we are sending you by special delivery 
a sample of both of our makes. One is made of 
well seasoned, knot-free, white oak, and our better 
grade is made of kiln-dried, second-growth hickory. 
We make only two grades of auto wheels, the 
difference being in the spokes. The second-growth 
hickory wheel has the greater strength, but we guar- 
antee our oak spokes to be perfect in every respect, being 
turned from selected, quarter-sawed white oak with 
pronounced and uniform flake. They are ample in 
strength for the average car and are classy looking. 
Please give both wheels a thorough test and let us 
hear from you. 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 65 

Exercise for skill. — Practice the following exercise for skill 
while studying Section Four. 

The time in which the entire exercise should be written is: 
1 min. 40 sec. at completion of Step One, Section Four 
1 min. 26 sec. at completion of Step Two, Section Four 
1 min. 15 sec. at completion of Step Three, Section Four 
1 min. 6 sec. at completion of Step Four, Section Four 
1 min. sec. at completion of Step Five, Section Four 

As far as we can learn now, there is no other information out concerning 
their future plans. 

Dear Sir: 

Your letter will be in the open file until receipt of order on inclosed 
invoice and contract properly signed. 

Dear Sir: 

We note in your letter of last week something we do not understand. 
You mentioned some old papers, but said nothing more about them. 

Do they have anything to do with the deed to your uncle's farm? If 
so, please inform us as to when we received them, and we will see if 
they are in any of our files here. 



G^TT 



ML 



SECTION FOUR 
Step One 



J c 



iy 





Strike V and V with the S and T 
fingers. 



71. Word signs. — 

V have, very 

^EN gentlemen 

inquire, inquiry, incor- 
porate (enquire, enquiry) 
refer 



INK 
REF 



72. Word practice. — 



SiMlifi 


Smith 


S»NA? 


snap 


JJMOEffi 


smooth 


SUN 


gin 


PERMN 


German 


SJEN+U+IN 


genuine 


VARM+U 


value 


VAR+lfc 


varies 


VER+PHI 


verify 


CLA&+PHIKD& 


classifica tion 


SiUDG+MENT 


judgment 


REFfc+ENfc 


reverence 


REFNSJ 


reference 



y is written for j when it is the 
only initial consonant key in 
the stroke and for s when in the 
same stroke with m or n. It is 
primarily a j and the s is added so 
that am or sn can be written in 
the same stroke. If s is required 
alone or in any combination 
except am or en, the S in the 
primary group should be used. 



See paragraph 18. 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



67 



CTRAFT 

PUS+Llfc+T 

VARMD+T 

PHORM+ARMT 

DUR+B I RMT 

PROf+BIRMT 

HU+MANT 

U+TIRMT 

LO+CARMT 

SCURT 

CWANT 

OPfc+TUNT 

STOR+lfc 

STEtlffi+IG^ 

SHUR+TI 



gravity 

publicity 

validity 

formality 

durability 

probability 

humanity 

utility 

locality 

security 

quantity 

opportunity 

stories 

stealthily 

surety 



Write -T for ity in words of 
more than two syllables. 



Words ending In ry preceded by a vowel.— When 

such words contain more than two syllables, and 
the vowel preceding the ry is strong and prominent, 
as a in library, the vowel is written and the y is 
dropped; LI+BRAR. When the vowel is weak and 
slighted in the pronunciation, as a in summary, the 
vowel is dropped and the y is written; SUM+R1 . 



a is strong, 
a is weak, 
e is strong, 
e is weak, 
o is strong. 
o is weak. 



LITSh-AR 


literary 


V 1 Dfc+AR 


visionary 


SARM+RI 


salary 


BOUN+DRI 


boundary 


CEM+TER 


cemetery 


MONfc+TER 


monastery 


SLIff+RI 


slippery 


CERM+RI 


celery 


OR+TOR 


oratory 


PROMfc+OR 


promissory 


PHAK+TRI 


factory 


MEM+RI 


memory 


CEN+TUR 


century 


PER+^UR 


perjury 



In words ending -ury, the u 
is always written and the y 
dropped. 



68 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



Write seven times. 








Smith 


value 


year 


small 


yard 


judge 


yield 


sneer 


vice 


jug 


voice 


maturity 


jump 


volts 


joint 


have 


vote 


join 


smart 


very 


smear 


inquiry 


snore 


juice 


snap 


view 


growth 


tenth 


health 


gentle 


smooth 


gin 


dairy 


germ 


surety 


ginger 


mental 


genuine 


treaty 


George 


hurry 


German 


flattery 


jobbing 


hearty 


inquire 


vapor 


refer 


healthy 


void 


duty 


pity 


city 


sorry 


party 


worry 


brevity 


stories 


gravity 


varies 


quantity 


berries 


incorporate 


quality 


rainy 


purity 


contrary 


stealthily 


verify 


specification 


verification 


gentlemen 


classification 


avoid 


sneeze 


locality 


legality 


formality 


nationality 


principality 


reference 


neutrality 


vitality 


quality 


ability 


probability 


durability 


facility 


humanity 


prosperity 


judgment 


majority 


minority 


security 


purity 


maturity 


gravity 


brevity 


guaranty 


warranty 


refer 


quantity 


opportunity 


activity 


stability 


discovery 


category 


quandary 


history 


literary 


rectory 


inventory 


gallery 


temporary 


celery 


cemetery 


delivery 


military 


victory 


voluntary 


slippery 


secondary 


boundary 


arbitrary 


tributary 


directory 


anniversary 


visionary 


embroidery 


contradictory 



73. Writing exercise. — 

Write seven times. 
Have you inquired about their stability? 






_j NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 69 

The yield of ginger root is very large and quite valu- 
able. 

The quantity produced in my locality is the greatest 
in many seasons. 

Have you received their inquiry with reference to the 
incorporation? 

She has a very smooth voice. 

They have an opportunity to market a large quantity 
of grape juice packed in jugs. 

They did not deny the legality of the incorporation, 
but said that as a matter of formality they wanted to 
be certain that it had been approved by the directors. 

Have you the right to act in behalf of the incor- 
poration? 

He made the inquiry for the purpose of verifying the 
name of the surety. 

The vote for supreme judge was very small. 

Gentlemen: 

We are very sorry we cannot entertain your plan to 
market the grape crop this summer through brokers. 
The yield will not be very large, but the quality will 
naturally be far superior to anything to be found 
in your markets. 

There is something about the grapes this season that 
leads us to believe they will produce a very smooth, 
yet snappy, wine. 

Because of the scarcity of imported goods, we are of 
the opinion that choice domestic wines will sell at a 
premium the coming season. For that reason we in- 
tend to convert our entire crop ourselves and book it 
with the jobbers for spring delivery. 

We thank you for your inquiry. 



SECTION FOUR 
Step Two 




Use the -D and * fingers for 
B and Si. 



74. Word signs. — 



s« 


shall 


U* 


usual 


a 


much 



75. Word practice.- 



MAE* 


match 


The t before 


ch is silent and 


HAB+ET 


hatchet 


dropped. 




NEiW 


neither 


Use 5< for final r after A or B 


PHAffiSi 


father 


and in the same stroke. 


PANiW 


panther 






TEB* 


teacher 






BUM 


butcher 






PUKBS* 


puncher 


SCWEBB 


squelch 


HASH-ER 


washer 


AN+CTWI* 


anguish 


WREMBSt 


wrenches 


PUM 


punish 


BEUBSi 


benches 


SERMF+I* 


selfish 


LAffiSi 


laths 


E+STA£+LI& 


establish 


SPIMB 


spinach 


PLESH-UR 


pleasure 


BAS+IS* 


babyish 


EM+BEM* 


embellish 


YERM+OI* 


yellowish 


DISHfe 


dishes 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



71 



BASH-PHURM 

CARFG5* 

TEfc+PHI 

THR+PHOR 

CTRA+D I KT 

COUNTfc+SIN 

PROFT+A&G* 

LEG+lffGfc 

ERM+Ji I £ G& 

REfc+ON+BLI 

PROF+BU 



bashful 

careful 

testify 

therefore 

contradict 

countersign 

profitable 

legible 

eligible 

reasonably 

probably 



POS-fBLI 

I NTfc+STAT 

SIMS+THI 

N+TRA+STAT 

INTfc+UR?+AN 

C+MENfc+MENT 

SUSGfc+MENT 

AR+CTUMNT 

PAMNT 

MOMNT 

N+TRO+DU* 



possibly 

interstate 

sympathy 

intrastate 

interurban 

commencemen t 

supplement 

argument 

payment 

moment 

introduce 



BRIifi* 



british 



Write ifi for t whenever f is re- 
quired in the same stroke with 
some other letter on the right 
lower secondary key. 



Write seven 


times. 








each 
brush 


ash 
legible 


interstate 
rush 


probably 
reach 


leather 
push 


careful 
contradict 


interurban 
coach 


preach 
hush 


payment 
spinach 


teach 
bush 


introduce 
boyish 


marsh 
attach 


broach 
babyish 


harsh 
leech 


approach 
yellowish 


speech 
anguish 


radish 
belch 


engagement 
peevish 


wish 
squelch 


rich 
lawful 


filch 
nourish 


convertible 
bench 


ranch 
flourish 


British 
eligible 


branch 
Irish 


argument 
cherish 


interwoven 
wrench 


French 
farther 


perish 
moment 


trench 
punish 


neither 
tarnish 


furnish 
lunch 


launch 
garnish 


varnish 
punch 


bunch 
admonish 


butcher 
vanish 


diminish 
starch 


washer 
blemish 


finish 
perch 


march 
foolish 


laths 
relish 


polish 
church 


torch 
establish 


English 
batch 


porch 
favorable 



72 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



match 


father 


patch 


fish 


snatch 


selfish 


ratchet 


Jewish 


stretch 


childish 


ditch 


radish 


pitch 


dish 


stitch 


rubbish 


Scotch 


fresh 


notch 


mesh 


much 


flesh 


crutch 


wash 


couch 


squash 


touch 


quash 


such 


sash 


puncher 


usual 


shall 


panther 


treasure 


measure 


heretofore 


pleasure 


wrenches 


fisher 


myths 


hatchet 


flash 


azure 


dash 


usury 


incorporation 


baths 


casual 


bluish 


commencement 


purify 


transfer 


countersign 


therefore 


reasonably 


beautiful 


profitable 


cheerful 


testify 


intrastate 


supplement 


teacher 


benches 


other 



76. Writing exercise. — 

Write seven times. 

We shall need the stock in a few days. 

Have you the usual quantity on hand? 

How much do you think you should have? 

We shall need as much as you can send us. 

We are usually well supplied with the size you use. 

We desire quotations on wrought iron monkey wrenches 
and various bench tools. 

We hope our prices on varnish will be favorably con- 
sidered. 

We will thank you for quotations on various makes of 
watches. 

By reason of the present price of raw material, we can 
ship these goods for cash only. 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 73 

Gentlemen : 

We have acquired the stock of a bankrupt concern 
and, inasmuch as it contained several items for 
which you are constantly in the market, are writ- 
ing to inquire if you can meet the writer at the American 
Hotel some time during the latter part of this week. 

The stock comprises hatchets, wrenches, work 
benches, pinch bars, brushes, and green, red, blue 
and yellow Japan varnishes. All of these items are 
in perfect condition and can be bought at a reason- - 
ably low price. 

If this appeals to you, will you set the hour for an 
engagement? 

Gentlemen: 

We are sorry not to be able to quote you on soft coal 
for early fall use. 

There is a strike at most of our mines at this time 
and we are behind with all our orders this season. 
The trouble is about to be settled, and as soon as work 
is fully resumed we shall be able to take care of you 
promptly. 

If you are in this city within the coming month, please 
call on us. We should like to book you for your 
winter needs. The rush will be over then and we 
can deliver promptly. 



SECTION FOUR 





Step 


Three 


77. Word practice. — 




BSAMN 


examine 


Always write BS for ex- at the 


BSTRA 


extra 


beginning of a word. 


BSED 


exceed 




BSCHANG 


exchange 


BSAGfc+AT exaggerate 


BSERDS* 


exertion 


BSAUfc+T 1 V exhaustive 


BSPERN* 


experience 


BSCUT execute 


BSTENDfc 


extension 


BSTENfc+IP extensive 


BOKfc 


box 


Final x, having the sound of ks t 


SUFKfc 


suffix 


is written Kfc. 


PREFK* 


prefix 




SPHINKfc 


sphinx 




NEKS) 


next 


Final r is dropped after th* 


TEKfc 


text 


sound of s in x. 


TEKfc+TUR 


texture 




N+DREKTG* 


indirectly 


These illustrations show hovj 


1 ND+PEND+ENT 


independen t 


words with similar beginnings 


UND+NlffGfc 


undeniable 


and endings are written. Study 


CESn-LEfc 


ceaseless 


and practice them carefully. 


PHAIRNfc 


fairness 




E+PHISi+ENT 


efficient 




E+PHISH-ENSh-I 


efficiency 




PHOR+CTIF 


forgive 




A+PORMG 


apology 




CIRK+STANfc 


circums tance 


Being a frequently recurring 
word it is unnecessary to write 
the urn. 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



75 



IND+STRUKT+ISGfc in 


[destructible 


BI+ORMG 


biology 


UND+V 1 D+D undivided 


SO+ORMG 


zoology 


PHER+LE& 


fearless 


INT5H-PHER 


interfere 


N+SORMF+ENfc+l insolvency 


INTSl+CErr 


intercept 


AG+ENfc+l 


agency 


REK+LEfc 


reckless 


PHOR+EF 


forever 


WORiR+LES* 


worthless 


Write seven times. 








exact 


somebody 


expanding 


fearless 


explain 


circumstance extra 


upon 


example 


file 


examine 


inclose 


exchange 


invoice 


excuse 


index 


expression 


inquiry 


expense 


usual 


express 


worthless 


exertion 


intercept 


expensive 


needless 


examining 


context 


exhibit 


receipt 


explore 


inform 


extreme 


anything 


except 


complex 


expiration 


incorporate 


examination 


much 


exclude 


whether 


expose 


which 


explanation 


reply 


extent 


tendency 


exhaustive 


careless 


exist 


prefix 


explosion 


links 


execute 


receive 


extravagant 


gone 


exaggerate 


nothing 


excursion 


something 


expert 


inquire 


extensive 


shall 


excel 


until 


extension 


insolvency 


exceed 


reckless 


experience 


agency 


exit 


independent expect 


indicate 


execution 


indirectly 


wax 


indestructible flax 


undivided 


flexible 


undeniable 


convex 


appearance 


box 


preference 


mix 


assistance 


fairness 


flux 


weakness 


books 


efficient 


active 


efficiency 


relative 


activity 


unrestricted 


motive 


careless 


forgive 


ceaseless 


forever 


mixture 


apology 


next 


ducks 


biology 


trucks 


zoology 


clocks 


chronology 


docks 


climax 


interfere 


borax 



76 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 

78. Writing exercise. — 

Write five times. 

I know he will send something to somebody. 

How many have you and how much do you ask for 
them? 

Please state whether or not you were there when the 
inquiry was received and filed. 

He inquired if you inclosed the invoice and upon what 
date. 

I cannot inform you of anything until I am in receipt 
of that letter. 

As usual, they incorporated nothing in their reply. 

I shall be very much pleased to know where you go 
this summer. 

They have gone but I do not know in which direction. 

Please examine the examples submitted and let us 
have an expression from you before the expiration of 
this month. 

Nothing was said by way of explanation of the exam- 
ination. 

The ceaseless buying of exchange is too expensive. 

Gentlemen: 

Will you please inform us as to the usual tax rate 
on real property in your city? Please give both the 
state and city taxes. 

Some of us expect to be in your city within the next 
few days to examine the freight and power conditions 
now existing. 

Before moving our plant, we would want to send our 
experts to examine all the conditions relative to land 
and water shipping facilities, especially your docks. 



SECTION FOUR 
Step Four 

NAMES OF PERSONS 

79. The National Alphabet. — In writing 
letters of the alphabet singly, use the following table: 



A 


A 


B 


B 


C 


C 


-D 


D 


E 


E 


V 


F 


-G 


G 


H 


H 


1 


I 


9 


J 


-K 


K 


L 


L 


-M 


M 


-N 


N 





O 


P 


P 


CW 


Q, 


-R 


R 


S 


S 


-T 


T 


U 


U 


V 


V 


N 


W 


KSi 


X 


Y 


Y 


a 


z 



In making use of the alphabet, 
use only the representations giv- 
en. For instance, in spelling 
out words containing D, M, 
N, R, T, etc., where the letters 
occur among both the initial 
and final consonants, always use 
the ones on the final side of the 
keyboard and never those in the 
initial group. This is to avoid 
conflicts, and to equalize the 
work of the hands in spelling 
out words letter by letter, there 
being eleven consonants written 
by use of the initial group 
and ten with the final group. 

Practice writing the alphabet 
until it can be written accurate- 
ly and rapidly. 



78 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



80. Names of persons. — Names of persons, 
though pronounced alike, are frequently spelled dif- 
ferently, as Green, Greene; Smith, Smithe; Read, 
Reed. Names vary so much in their spelling that 
it is often necessary to give the proper spelling in 
the notes. This is accomplished by use of the Na- 
tional alphabet, the name being spelled out one letter 
at a stroke, as Johnstone, J1+0+H+N+S+T+0+N+E. 

Write a period after each initial and after each 
word in the name if it is spelled out letter by letter. 
C. P. Krieger, C+FNTG+P+FNTG+K+R+I+E+G+E+R+ 
FNTG. 

It is not necessary to spell out a proper name 
every time it occurs in the same dictation; spelling 
it out the first time will be sufficient. If a name is 
once spelled out in the dictation or if it is a familiar 
name or one in which it is not necessary to show the 
spelling, it may be written as other words, except 
it must be written more fully, syllable by syllable. 
Forester, PHOR+Efc+TER. 

81. Word practice. — 

F. W. Appe! F+FNTG+W+FNTG+A+P+P+E+L+FNTG 

W. C. Buehler W+FNTG+C+FNTG+B+U+E+H+L+E+R+FNTG 

L. M. Cooke L+FNTG+M+FNTG+C+0+O+K+E+FNTG 

Mae Eyermann M+A+E+FNTG+E+Y+E+R+M+A+N+N+FNTG 

As context does not aid in the 
reading of proper names, they 
must be written fully, without 
the use of the usual abbrevi- 
ating principles. 



Appel 


Aff+ERM 


Buehler 


BERM+ER 


Cooke 


COEK 


Eyermann 


1 R+MAN 


Flynn 


PHLIN 


Gannon 


CTAN+ON 


Garfield 


CTAR+PHERMD 


Harrison 


HAR+lfc+ON 


Stevens 


STEF+ENfc 


Jackson 


JJAK+SON 


Krause 


CRAUSt 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



79 



McCauley 

Newcomb 

Peterson 

Quaker 

Richardson 

Schmidt 



MAK+CAU+LI 

NU+COM 

PET+ER+SON 

CWAK+ER 

RIB+ARD+SON 



Spaulding SPAURMD+ 1 NG Note that in& is written out. 

Write the following exercises twice, spelling out 
each name letter by letter; then write each exercise 
three times in the usual way. 



Williams Hughes 
Miller Adams 
Steinberg Reade 
Musick Farrish 


Stiffel Powers Morton 
Henderson Jones Gregory 
Powell Peterson Robertson 
Nichols Gillette Niederlander 


L. H. Wagner 
Henry T. Ulmann 
E. K. Ludington 
John F. Yeager 


Theodore Thomas 
C. D. Bolin 

William Zeltmann 
Aug. H. Striegel 


V. L. Boisaubin 
Charles X. Vogei 

E. H. Angert 

F. X. Haid 



82. Standard abbreviations. — It is possible 
to write standard abbreviations on the National in 
their exact form or with very slight changes. 

Learn the following list and practice them on the 
machine. 



M-R 


Mr. 


Do not use a period after stand- 


M-Rfc 


Mrs. 


ard abbreviations written on the 


ME* 


Messrs. 


National. 


DR 


Doctor 




PROF 


Professor 




PRIN 


Principal 




CTOF 


Governor 




HON 


Honorable 




REF 


Reverend 




SJ-R 


Junior 




SR 


Ssnior 





!° NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 

83. Writing exercise. — 

Write five times, spelling out the proper names 
the first time only. 

Dr. J. F. Duff, 
Dear Doctor: 

Mrs. Louise Drummond, 
Dear Madam: 

Prof. John A. Bauer, 
Prin. City High School, 
Dear Prof. Bauer: 

Hon. George A. Gillis 
Gov. E. C. Bennett 
Rev. Benjamin A. Lear 
Mr. Frederick Hahn, Jr. 
Mr. R. H. Cross, Sr. 



SECTION FOUR 
Step Five 

NAMES OF FIRMS 

84. Names of Firms. — The same rules used 
in writing names of persons apply to names of 
concerns. 

85. Standard abbreviations. — 



PRE* 


President 


SEK 


Secretary 


TREfc 


Treasurer 


MGSi 


Manager 


sun 


Super in tenden t 


S*EN 


General, general 


AD 


advertise 


AG 


agent 


BUS* 


business 


BRO 


brother 


COR 


correspond 


DEffT 


department 


NATGfc 


national 


T 


The 


CO 


company 


R-R 


railroad 


Rl (Ry) 


railway 



Always write initial T for The 
at the beginning of firm names. 



82 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



86. Writing exercise. — Write three times. 



ADG 


advertising 


CORN* 


correspon den ce 


CORG 


correspon ding 


PEN+MG* 


General Manager 


ADG+MG5* 


Advertising Manager 


BUfc+AG 


Business Agent 



Chas. Saks & Co. 
United Railway Co. 
The Universal Motor Co. 
Warren, Jones & Gratz 
H. & L. Chase Bag Co. 

Clark Dyeing and Cleaning Co. 

Rutledge and Kilpatrick 
N. M. Conway & Sons 

Gimbel Brothers 

George W. White & Sons Co. 

B. G. Sullivan & Brother 

Steinway & Son 

J. B. Ziegfried & Sons, Inc. 

Auto Supply, Inc. 



CHAS+SAKfc+AN+CO 

UN+ITD+RI+CO 

T+UN+VERSh-ARM+MOT+OR+CO 

WAR+EN+SJ0N5H-AN+CTRAT& 

H+FNTG+AN+L+FNTG+CHASw- 

BAG+CO 
CLARK+DI+ING+AN+CLEN+ING+ 

CO 
RUT+LEDG+AN+C I RM+PA+TR I K 
N+FNTG+M+FNTG+CON+WA+AN+ 

SON* 
CTIM+BERM+BR05* 
SJORG+W+FNTG+HW I T+AN+SONSh- 

CO 
B+FNTG+G+FNTG+SURM+ I +VAN+ 

AN+BRO 
STIN+WA+AN+SON 
£i+FNTG+B+FNTG+S I G+PHRED+ 

AN+SONfc+INK 
AUT+O+SU+PLI+INK 



Write the following five times, spelling out 
the proper names the first time and writing in 
the regular way afterwards. 



A. Leschen & Sons Rope Co. 
Baker, Potts, Barker & Garwood 

B. & D. Club 

George W. Fisher & Sons 
Central "Wire & Iron Works 



Union Typewriter Exchange 
The Inland Navigation Co., Inc. 
Thomas McHenry & Son 
Armstrong and Armstrong 
Bagnell Timber Co. 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



83 



Webb & Webb 
Becker Realty Co. 

Mr. Warren C. Flynn, Pres., 
Fidelity & Deposit Co. 

Mr. H. R. Ellison, Gen. Mgr., 
Independent Ice & Coal Co. 

Mr. A. B. Ewing, Jr., Supt., 
Superior Supply Co. 

Mr. F. T. French, Gen. Agt, 
National Life Insurance Co. 

Mr. Harry E. Black, Adv. Mgr., 
William Winter & Sons Co. 



Dear Sir: 



E. G. Boeckeler & Brother 
Kelly & Jones Co. 

Mr. H. M. Blossom, Bus. Mgr., 
Aerial Navigation. 

W. T. Campbell, Cor. Sec, 
National Auto League. 

George D. Capon, Treasurer, 
Ludwig Piano Co. 

H. H. Hayward, 

c-o Traffic Department, 

C. & A. Ry. Co. 

Mr. E. W. Mangson, Pres., 
B. & M. R. R. Co. 



The National Railroad Company, formerly the Con- 
solidated Railway Company, has bought the busi- 
ness of the General Advertising Corporation, which was 
taking care of the work of the Consolidated before 
the receiver's sale as well as acting as its agent in 
other capacities. 

The correspondence in connection with this work is 
large enough to warrant our creating a special posi- 
tion of Manager and Superintendent. The department 
thus created will be the General Advertising Depart- 
ment, and the new position will be held by Mr. Smith, 
former President of the General Advertising Company. 
Mr. Smith's secretary and treasurer, Mr. Jones, will 
embark in an entirely new field. 

You will, therefore, direct your advertising correspond- 
ence of any nature with this Company to the attention 
of Mr. Smith, 



This is for your information. 



84 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 

Exercise for skill. — Practice the following exercise for skill 
while studying Section Five. It contains 200 words. 

The time in which the entire exercise should be written is: 

3 min. 20 sec. at completion of Step One, Section Five 
2 min. 52 sec. at completion of Step Two, Section Five 
2 min. 30 sec. at completion of Step Three, Section Five 
2 min. 12 sec. at completion of Step Four, Section Five 
2 min. sec. at completion of Step Five, Section Five 

He drew a large salary for his literary and oratory works. 

This celery grew in small quantities in the cemetery back of the factory. 

The Superintendent calls it The New Century Watch. 

They will elect him as Secretary and Treasurer of the new box factory. 

The meeting was attended by Mrs. Mary Crane, Dr. John Smith, Prof. 

Harry Jones, Principal of the High School, Gov. Frank Short, Hon. 

James Baker, Rev. Chas. Brooks and Mr. Howard Bartlett, Sr. All 

the urgent matters were taken up and disposed of promptly. 

Messrs. Wm. Young & Sons, Inc., 

City. 

Gentlemen: 

This is to inform you that this road has changed its name from The 
Midland Valley Railroad Company to The Central Railway Company. 

Mr. George French, Jr., Pres., 

John Block & Brother, Inc. 

City. 

Dear Sir: 

The advertising department of the First National Bank has made the 
usual inquiry with reference to a Christmas card for this year. We 
should like very much to secure this business, and shall be prepared 
to make very low prices. 

Our general manager has been corresponding with them and has 
referred them to you as our agent. Please inquire as to their needs 
and write us promptly. 



SECTION FIVE 
Step One 

FIGURES 

87. Figures. — Figures are obtained by use of the 
upper Secondary Keys. The Secondary Keys are 
struck in conjunction with the upper row of primary 
keys. 



dcrrX^ (Cm 



*a 



±1 





As the figures are always writ- 
ten on a line by themselves, no 
other keys are struck at the 
same time, and the fingers and 
thumbs may move forward 
slightly to reach the upper Sec- 
ondary Keys. 



88. Accuracy. — Writing figures on the National 
is so simple and easy that frequently too little atten- 
tion is paid to accuracy. Figures form such an im- 
portant part of dictation that a single miss truck 
key may involve immense losses and serious conse- 
quences. It is important therefore that the most 
thorough practice be devoted to all exercises involv- 
ing figures. A word wrongly written in a sentence 
is often detected by the meaning, but there is seldom 
anything in the context to indicate that the wrong 
figure has been written. Much stress must be placed 
on absolute accuracy in writing figures. 



89. Figure drill. — The following exercise has 
been arranged in ten columns containing ten figures 
each. The complete mastery of this exercise will 



86 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 

lay the foundation for rapid and accurate figure 
writing. 

Practice the first column until it can be written 
almost as rapidly as a person can count easily 
and distinctly. Then practice the second column in 
the same manner; then the two columns together. 
In this manner practice each column until it can be 
written easily, rapidly and accurately and then prac- 
tice it with the preceding columns until the entire 
exercise can be written in about forty seconds. 

The figure practice must be with absolute accuracy. 
Do not look at the keyboard, but say each figure to 
yourself as you write it. Do not punctuate between 
the numbers. This is simply a figure practice exer- 
cise for training the mind and fingers. 

When both figures can be written at one stroke, 
do so. 

Check back the notes every few minutes to see that 
you are writing perfectly. 



1 


11 


21 


31 


41 


51 


61 


71 


81 


91 


2 


12 


22 


32 


42 


52 


62 


72 


82 


92 


3 


13 


23 


33 


43 


53 


63 


73 


83 


93 


4 


14 


24 


34 


44 


54 


64 


74 


84 


94 


5 


15 


25 


35 


45 


55 


65 


75 


85 


95 


6 


16 


26 


36 


46 


56 


66 


76 


86 


96 


7 


17 


27 


37 


47 


57 


67 


77 


87 


97 


8 


18 


28 


38 


48 


58 


68 


78 


88 


98 


9 


19 


29 


39 


49 


59 


69 


79 


89 


99 



10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 

90. Second figure drill. — Learn to write 
this exercise at a fairly high rate of speed, say, as rap- 
idly as it can be dictated easily and enunciated clearly. 
Do not space between the numbers. Compare often 
the notes with the copy to ascertain if you are writing 
with absolute accuracy. 



96 


24 


71 


54 


37 


84 


12 


75 


58 


25 


88 


16 


79 


46 


45 


76 


11 


83 


50 


33 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



87 



72 15 87 38 53 69 19 91 42 51 
80 23 95 30 61 60 27 99 34 49 



64 


31 


94 


22 


69 


52 


35 


98 


26 


57 


56 


39 


88 


14 


77 


44 


52 


90 


36 


17 



91. Writing figures as words. — At the op- 
tion of the operator, figures from one to ten, when used 
separately, may be written out as words. One, two, 
three, WON, TO, THRE. 

92. Plural of figures. — The plural of figures 
is denoted in the following manner: 

From one to ten, written out as words. 
Above ten, denoted by following the figures with 
initial S. 



THFO 


threes 


S 1 Kfc+fc 


sixes 


TEN* 


tens 


SEFNfc 


sevens 


3+2+S 


thirty -twos 


40+S 


forties 


25+S 


twenty -fives 


17+S 


17s 


20+S 


20s 


50+S 


50's 



93. Third figure practice. — 

Write seven times. 



one 


seven 


nine 


five 


ten 


six 


three 


eight 


four 


two 


twos 


fours 


nines 


sixes 


ones 


threes 


eights 


fives 


sevens 


tens 


3s 


32s 


18s 


4s 


16s 


22's 


2's 


9's 


33's 


64's 



SECTION FIVE 
Step Two 

GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES 

94. Standard abbreviations. — 

ST street 

AF avenue 

COR corner 

CO county 

TER territory 

95. States and Territories. — The standard 
abbreviations are used in writing the States and Ter- 
ritories of the United States. Practice them until 
they can be written rapidly and easily. 



ARM 


Alabama 


CANS? 


Kansas 


A+LAfc 


Alaska 


CEN 


Kentucky 


AR 


Arizona 


LA 


Louisiana 


ARK 


Arkansas 


ME 


Maine 


CARM 


California 


MD 


Maryland 


CORM 


Colorado 


MA5* 


Massachusetts 


CON 


Connecticut 


Ml B 


Michigan 


DERM 


Delaware 


MIN 


Minnesota 


D+C 


Dist. of Col. 


MI& 


Mississippi 


PHLA 


Florida 


MO 


Missouri 


CTA 


Georgia 


MONT 


Montana 


ID 


Idaho 


NE? 


Nebraska 


IRM 


Illinois 


NEF 


Nevada 


IND 


Indiana 


N+H 


New Hampshire 


1 


Iowa 


N+SJ 


New Jersey 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



89 



N+MEKfc 


New Mexico 


TEK* 


Texas 


N+Y 


New York 


UT 


Utah 


N+C 


North Carolina 


VT 


Vermont 


N+D 


North Dakota 


VA 


Virginia 





Ohio 


WAS! 


Washington 


OK 


Oklahoma 


W+VA 


West Virginia 


OR 


Oregon 


HI* 


Wisconsin 


PA 


Pennsylvania 


IaJ I 


Wyoming 


R+l 


Rhode Island 


u+s 


United States 


S+G 


South Carolina 


U+S+A 


United States of 


S+D 


South Dakota 




America 


TEN 


Tennessee 







Practice the following list of abbreviations for 
cities. 



BARMT Baltimore 
PHIRM Philadelphia 
C I N Cincinnati 

96. Writing exercise. — 

Write five times. 

Mr. Frank C. Baker, 
28 First Street, 
Birmingham, Ala. 

Mrs. I. W. Davis, 
63 Broad Street, 
Phoenix, Ariz. 

F. G. Crawford & Co., 
32 Taylor Avenue. 
Boise, Idaho. 

Standard Moving Co. 
Waterloo, Iowa. 

Miss Mary J. Lee, 
Care United Glass Co., 
Cor. Franklin Av. & Fifth St., 
Tulsa, Okla. 



CH I Chicago 
N+Y New York 
WAS! Washington 



Mrs. J. A. Gerhard, 
Klondike, 
Klondike County, 
Alaska Ter. 

The Glover Lumber Co., 
Portland, Ore. 

Baltimore, Md. 

Philadelphia, Pa. 

Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Chicago, HI. 

New York, N. Y. 

Washington, D. C. 



90 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 

Miss Mary E. Duxbury, 

Office. 

Dear Miss Duxbury: 

We have your resignation as head of our mailing 
division. We regret very much to lose your valued 
services but are glad that you will profit by the 
change. 

Miss Florence Durham has been appointed to succeed 
you. Please begin at once to instruct her in the 
work. 

Miss Florence Durham, 
Office. 

Dear Miss Durham: 

Miss Duxbury, head of our mailing division, has 
resigned to accept a better position, and we are ap- 
pointing you to succeed her. 

This is in appreciation of your loyal and faithful 
service in the past, and will carry with it a decided 
increase in salary. 

Please report to Miss Duxbury at once for instruc- 
tions. 

Messrs. Jones & Davis, 

City. 

Dear Sirs: 

Somebody telephoned me this morning that you have 
calls every few days for residence property in the 
down-town section. 

I have several choice lots well located which I will 
sell at a low price. 

Please bear this in mind. 



SECTION FIVE 
Step Three 

FIGURES (Continued) 

97. Word signs* — 

NO number or # 

PH I G figure 

H hundred 

— T thousand 

— M million 

98. Numbers above 99.-In writing numbers above 

99. write them exactly as dictated. If the words, 
hundred, thousand, etc., are dictated, write them; 
if not, omit them. Make the notes conform to the 
exact wording of the dictation. The following ex- 
amples illustrate the method of writing numbers 
dictated in various ways. Note that as many fig- 
ures as possible are written in each stroke. 



Dictated 






Written 


Three hundred and five 




3+H+5 


And is always omitted in 


writing figures. 


Two hundred and 


thirty- 


■six 


2+H+36 


One twenty-three 






123 


Four sixty -seven 






467 


Three forty -five 






3+45 


Six seventy -eight 






6+78 



In writing numbers containing the sequence 345 or 
678, make an extra stroke instead of bringing over the 
ring finger to strike the 3 or S. The ring finger 
must never leave its row of keys— not even to save a 
stroke. 



92 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 

Three thousand, seven hun- 3h — T+7+H+9+5 

died and ninety -five 

Never write the abbreviation for hundred, thou- 
sand, dollars, etc., in the same stroke with a figure. 

Sixteen thousand and sixteen 16h — T+16 

One thousand and one lH — T+l 

Thirty-four million, six hun- 34+-M+6+H+5+4+- T+6+H+78 

dred and fifty-four thousand, 

six hundred and seventy -eight 

No. eighty- four fifty-seven N 0+8+4+57+49 

forty -nine 

No. twelve sixty -seven N 0+1 26 7 

C. R. I. & P. car, five two three C+FNTG+R+FNTG+ 1 +FNTG+ANi 

P+FNTG+CAR+5+23 

99. Number practice. — Practice the following 
exercise in two ways, — first, as though dictated 10 1, 
3 4, 5 2 3, etc.; second, as though dictated one hun- 
dred one, three hundred four, five hundred twenty- 
three. 

In writing a series of numbers, use a comma to 
separate them. Nos. 101, 304, 523; N0&+ 
10+1+&KD&+30+4+SKD&+5+23 



101 


304 


523 


367 


469 


236 


345 


936 


765 


436 


277 


150 


607 


199 


650 


672 


981 


846 


483 


934 


347 



Practice the following as dictated: three thousand, 
seven hundred and fifty-nine, etc. 

3,759 8,546 87,937 23,233 504,857 75,000,948 
6,879 6,342 76,569 84,345 456,567 34,654,678 

Practice the following as dictated: Number nine, 
forty-eight, fifty-seven, etc. 

No. 7585 No. 23456 No. 94857 

No. 8475 No. 27364 No. 28374 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 93 

No. 7465 No. 87564 No. 485749 

No. 2374 No. 47364 No. 374862 

Fig. 27 Fig. 73 Fig. 49 Fig. 293 

Fig. 84 Fig. 6 Fig. 164 Fig. 497 

100. Writing exercise. — 

E. C. Jones & Son, 
302 Main Street, 
Cleveland^ Ohio. 

Gentlemen: 

Please ship us by freight over the Big Four Railroad 
300 No. 378 Crucible Steel Shovels as shown in Fig. 
36, page 92 of your catalogue No. 53. 

National Grocery Co., 
Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Gentlemen: 

Please enter our order for a car of canned goods 
for prompt shipment according to these specifications: 
65 cases Ideal Sugar Corn 
183 cases Star Vienna Sausage 

16 cases Star Lunch Tongue 
280 cases Star Corned Beef 

17 cases No. 43 Velvet Brand Tomatoes 
62 tins Columbia River Salmon 

30 cartons Wheat Biscuit 

Dear Sir: 

Please quote for prompt delivery lowest price on 

6 gross $ 893 cast iron screen door hinges 
100 pairs pressed steel ball bearing butts, brass plated 
25 gross cast brass drawer pulls # 694A, dull finish 
83 sets mortise locks, brass finished as on our 
previous order % 6539. 



SECTION FIVE 
Step Four 

MONEY 

101. Standard abbreviations. — 

C cent, cents 

— D dollar, dollars 

MO money order 

P0 post office 

P—9 parcel post 

BL bill of lading 

BSL bills of lading 

DA draft attached 

COD cash on delivery 

PHOf free on board 

CR credit 

BARM balance 

D I fc discount 

PERfc per cenf 

AKT account 

AMT amount 

VORM volume 

PHORM fo/W 

CASl cashier 

PUR purchase 

I NT interest 

102. Money. — In the use of figures and dollars 
and cents in writing money, follow the general rule for 
writing figures; write exactly as dictated. Study care- 
fully the following illustrations. 

Sixty -three cents 6+3+C 

Nine dollars and sixty-seven 9+D+67+C 

cents 

And is omitted. 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



95 



18+H+3+D+4+1+C 

3+-TD 

6+H-TD 

2+H-MD 

5+H+89+-T+9+H+57+D+12+C 



Eighteen hundred and three 
dollars and forty -one cents 
Three thousand dollars 
Six hundred thousand dollars 
Two hundred million dollars 
Five hundred and eighty-nine 
thousand, nine hundred and 
fifty-seven dollars and twelve 
cents 



103. Indicating dollars and cents with 
decimal point. — 

When the dictator is dictating dollars and cents 
and does not use the word dollars or cents, set off 
the dollars from the cents with a period, or decimal 
point; thus, $1. 56, dictated one fifty-six, l+FNTG+56. 
The period will indicate the dollars and cents. If 
not sure as to whether one hundred fifty-six dollars 
or one dollar fifty -six cents is meant, make sure 
before writing either. 



Amount Dictated 

$5.67 five sixty -seven 

$89.98 eighty-nine ninety-eight 

$374.74 three seventy-four seventy - 

four 



Written 
5+FNTG+67 
89+FNTG+9+8 
37+4+FNTG+7+4 



104. Practice exercise. — Write ten times. 



balance 


cashier 


purchase 


free on board 


cent 


follow 


account 


bill of lading 


discount 


cents 


money order 


cash on delivery 


volume 


dollar 


parcel post 


bills of lading 


amount 


credit 


post office 


draft attached 



Write five times, using dollars and cents first 
three times, then decimal point. 

$5.87 $34.84 $374.57 $847.32 $324.65 $6,234.78 
6.34 75.83 857.00 984.05 875.43 34,567.89 
7.85 53.68 274.19 462.35 166.16 57,003.49 



96 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 

105. Writing exercise. — 

Mr. E. J. Spencer, Cashier, 
First National Bank, 
Chicago, HI. 

Dear Sir: 

We enclose you herewith bill of lading on car of sugar 
with draft for Four Thousand One Hundred and 
Twenty three Dollars and Fifty-six Cents on the 
Mills of your city. 

When these people bought this sugar, there was 
a large balance against them on our books. We were 
unable to extend further credit for this amount. 
We have since received their check in full payment of 
their account and if they request it are willing to have 
the goods delivered on open account. If they take 
up the draft promptly, however, we can allow them 
a discount of two per cent, with which you may credit 
the invoice. 

Gentlemen: 

We are enclosing you herewith post-office money order 
for $29.00 for which please send us by Parcel Post 
five # 16 Open Face, 20 year, Gold Plated Keystone 
Watch Cases. 

Dear Sir: 

Please ship us, draft attached to bill of lading (DA+BL), 
two cars soft coal, mine run. We understand the 
price is $2.75 f. o. b. mine. 

Gentlemen: 

We are doing a large volume of business on cheap 
library sets and ask you to ship us the following by 
express c. o. d. at once: 

18 sets Dickens' Works 

23 sets Ridpath's History of the World 

Have you some late books of interest in sets; 



SECTION FIVE 
Step Five 

EXPRESSIONS OF TIME 

106. Word signs. — The following are the word" 
signs used in writing the expressions of time. Note 
that most of them are standard abbreviations. Prac- 
tice thoroughly. 



Days of week. — 






SUN Sunday 


THU 


Thursday 


MON Monday 


PHRI 


Friday 


TUSl Tuesday 


SAT 


Saturday 


WED Wednesday 






Months of year. — 






SJAN January 


AUG 


August 


PHEF February 


SES 


September 


MAR March 


OKT 


October 


AffSl April 


NOF 


November 


£URM July 


DEfc 


December 


Miscellaneous. — 






1 NS* instant 


TON 


tonight 


URMT ultimo 


TOM 


tomorrow 


PR0K5* proximo 


AM 


A.M. 


YES* yesterday 


P-M 


P.M. 


TOD today 


FNTG+FNTG 


: (colon) 



98 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 

107. Dates. — A comma is written between the 
month, or day of the month, and the year. April 
15, 1856, AP5H-15+SKD5H-18+56. 

In writing years of the present century omit the 
first two figures. July 14, 1920, ^URM+14+f KDSb-20. 

(Omit the th, rd, etc., in writing dates.) 

Study and practice the following illustrations: 

January 1, 1900 §JAN+1+FKD5H-19+H 

May 12, 1917 MA+12+EKD5H-17 
September 20, 1920 SE£+20+SKD$H-20 

August 21, 1903 AUG+21+SKD5H-0+3 

November, 1918 NOF+SKDSh-18 

July 14, 1776 SJURM+14+B* KDSh-17+7+6 

June 3. £UN+3 

October 2. OKT+2 

108. Time of day. — In writing hours and min- 
utes, separate the hours from the minutes with a period. 

3.15 P. M. 3+FNTG+15+P-M 

11.06 A.M. 1+1+FNTG+6+AM 

109. Practice exercise. — 

March 23, 1917 August 9, 1905 July 13, 1920 
Dec. 1, 1897 Feb. 28, 1911 Sept. 2, 1872 

June 4, 1900 October 30, 1874 Jan. 6, 1888 

Nov. 17, 1909 May 27, 1914 Dec. 21, 1907 

April 6 July 3 August 14 

4.00 A.M. 9.55 A.M. 5.35 P.M. 7.19 A.M. 
6.24 P.M. 8.15 P.M. 1.04 P.M. 10.06 P.M. 

12.02 P.M. 2.30 P.M. 3.44 P.M. 11.33 A.M. 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 99 

110. Writing exercise. — 

Dear Sir: 

The following schedule will apply to next year's train- 
ing classes: 

Monday and Tuesday during January and February, 
Tuesday and Wednesday during March and April r 
Wednesday and Thursday during May and June, 
Thursday and Friday during September and October, 
Friday and Saturday during November and December. 

Special schedule will be announced later for the Lake 
Shore Camp during July and August. 

Dear Mr. Brown: 

Yours of the 3d instant was on my desk upon my 
return to the office at 3.00 P. M. yesterday. 

Gentlemen: 

Your order of the 29th ultimo reached us at nine 
A. M. today, and we are glad to advise that goods 
will be shipped before night. 

Gentlemen: 

Our Mr. Stevens is leaving the city tonight or to- 
morrow for an extended trip and will not return until 
about the 15th proximo. 

During his absence the writer will give his personal 
attention to any orders that you may send in. 



100 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 

Exercise for skill.— Contains three hundred words. 
The time in which the entire exercise should be written is: 
5 min. sec. at completion of Step One, Section Six 
4 min. 18 sec. at completion of Step Two, Section Six 
3 min. 45 sec. at completion of Step Three, Section Six 
3 min. 18 sec. at completion of Step Four, Section Six 
3 min. sec. at completion of Step Five, Section Six 

Messrs. Smart & Smart, July 14 ' 1917, 

728 Philadelphia Life Building, 

Cor. 17th Street and Chicago Avenue, 

Baltimore, Md. 

Dear Sirs : 

Per your order of the 30th ultimo we are shipping you today bill of 

lading draft attached two cars lump coal. This coal was loaded at 

our county mine at 4 :30 P. M. yesterday and shipped 9 :20 A. M. today, 

and should reach you late tonight or early tomorrow morning. 

The invoice on the two cars is 54 tons at $3.57 per ton, total $192.78, 

less one per cent discount for cash, or net $190.86. Deducting the 

credit balance of $17.83 shown by your account, makes the amount of 

the draft $173.03. 

Dear Frank: 

Please purchase for me and send by Parcel Post a souvenir volume of 

Milton's poems. 

I will send post-office money order or cashier's check upon receipt of 

bill from you. 

Gentlemen : 

You have a note due at this bank tomorrow for $1,318,716.01 plus 

interest at 5% for 90 days. 

Upon payment of a substantial part of this note with interest we shall 

be glad to extend the balance. 

We also have several bills of lading that came this morning. Please 

give the above matters your prompt attention. 

Gentlemen : 

Replying to your inquiry of the third instant we quote you on car Silver 

Leaf Lard f. o. b. common rate points in your territory as follows: 

12/5's 14 cents 

14/6's 13 cents 
2/50's 12 cents 
We can ship by first proximo if we receive the order promptly. 



SECTION SIX 
Step One 

FRACTIONS 
POINTS OF THE COMPASS 

111. Standard abbreviations. — 

N north 

E east 

S south 

W west 

AE - (hyphen) 

112. Fractions. — Separate the numerator and 
denominator with a hyphen. 3/5, 3+AE+5; 5/16, 
5+AE+16; 27/64, 27+AE+6+4; 63/125, 6+3+AE+125. 

113. Mixed numbers. — Write the word and 
between the whole number and the fraction. 4-3/5, 
4+AN+3+AE+5; 6-17/32, 6+AN+17+AE+3+2. 

114. Decimals. — Write a decimal point between 
the whole number and the decimal or before the 
decimal when there is no whole number. 3.5, 
3+FNTG+5; .0325, FNTG+0+3+25; 128.375, 128+ 
FNTG+37+5. 



102 NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



115. 


Practice exercise. — 


1/3 

2/5 


3 5 1/2 2/3 5/6 9/10 7/8 

1/4 3/8 4/5 1/8 3/4 2/5 


9/16 


11/32 15/16 3/64 17/32 22/23 69/137 


3-1/2 
4-5/8 


5-7/8 7-2/3 6-5/64 10-17/32 367-16/17 
1-6/9 3-1/5 8-4/7 14-34/35 193-32/43 



3.5 .25 8.375 12.03275 7.0035 8374.7 63487.472 
9.3 .69 6.333 89.60037 9.2307 3975.6 73842.947 

116. Points of compass.— The abbreviations 
for the four cardinal points of the compass, north, 
east, south and west, are used in combination to write 
the semi-cardinal points. Northwest, N+W; south- 
east, SE. 

V/rite in an additional stroke ERN for -em and 
ERG& for -erly. Southern, S+ERN; southeastern, 
SE+ERM; southerly, S+ERGfc. 

Practice thoroughly, 

northern southwest northeastern western 

easterly northwest southeastern northerly 

southern southeast northwestern southerly 



SECTION SIX 





Step Two 




WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 




FOREIGN WORDS 


117. 


Standard abbreviations. — 


SKG 


package 


BDL 


bundle 


BU 


bushel 


CW-T 


hundredweight 


-MD& 


merchandise 


ART 


article 


DQ& 


dozen 


CL 


carload 


L+CL 


less than carload 



118. Foreign words. — Many words, now pro- 
per words in English, have come from foreign 
languages, retaining their original foreign pronun- 
ciation. When the vowels in such words have a sound 
irregular to the same vowels in English, the vowels, 
as well as the consonants, are written according to 
their sound, being written out quite fully. Bureau, 
BU+RO; crochet, CRO+SHA; chassis, SHASH-E. 



104 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 



119. Word practice. — Write ten times. 

correspond advertise interest volume per cent 
purchase department amount account discount 



rouge 
garage 


ROES* 
CTA+RASi 


cafe 
croquet 


CA+PHA 
CRO+CA 


ballet 
crepe 


BA+LA 
CRAff 


resume 
tonneau 


RA+SU+MA 
TUN+0 


chauffeur 
crochet 


SHO+PHUR 
CRO+SHA 


bureau 
protege 


BU+RO 
PRO+TA+SHA 


mirage 
matinee 


ME+RA& 
MAT+IN+A 


tete a tete 
regime 


TAT+A+TAT 
RA+SHEM 


challis 
limousine 


SHA+LI 
LE+MOE+SEN 


beau 
sachet 


BO 
SA+SHA 


negligee 
debris 


NEG+LI+SHA 
DA+BRE 


chassis 
debut 


SHAfc+E 
DA+BU 



120. Writing exercise. — 

Gentlemen: 

Please ship us the following by local freight tomorrow: 

5 packages steel wool 

5 bundles medium fine wood wool 
25 bushels lime 

15 hundredweight Portland cement 
1/6 dozen crucible steel trowels 

Please see that these articles are well packed, as 
they have to be hauled over rough country roads. 

Gentlemen: 

Please quote carload and less than carload rates on 
mixed merchandise from Cincinnati to St. Louis. 



SECTION SIX 
Step Three 

PUNCTUATION 

121. Punctuation. — All notes should be proper- 
ly punctuated when written, as punctuation is often 
necessary to convey the correct meaning. When the 
dictation is at a high rate of speed and there is not 
enough time to punctuate completely, be certain to at 
least use the period and comma appropriately, and, as 
far as possible, the semi-colon. 

The following is a list of all the arbitrary signs used 
in writing punctuation, etc., on the National. 



FNTG 


. 


(period) 


fKDS 


> 


(comma) 


FENKTDGfc 


> 


(semicolon) 


FNTG+FNTG 


: 


(colon) 


BCPD 


9 


(interrogation mark) 


STHW 


! 


(exclamation mark) 


BCPDFNTG 


t 


(apostrophe or single 
quotation mark) 


BCPDFNTG+BCPDFNTG 


(( 


(quotation marks) 


AE 


- 


(hyphen) 


AE+AE 


— 


(dash) 


STHWffKDfc 


( 


(parenthesis) 


STHWfKDfc 


) 


(parenthesis) 


BSCTPHDWFfNKTDGSi 




(underscore) 


CAf 


begin with capital letter 


CAfffc 


write all caps 


?+ff 


paragraph 


X 


correction sign 


K+X 


space (between letters, sen- 




tences, etc.) 



IPS NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 

122. How to remember the punctuation 
marks. — 

The upper right row of four keys is the period and 
the lower row the comma; the period being above the 
comma, the two struck together form the semicolon. 
The period struck twice, which will appear in the 
notes as one above the other, is the colon. 

Opposite the period on the left side is the question 
mark, and opposite the comma is the exclamation 
mark. 

The apostrophe, or single quotation, is the entire 
top row, and the single quotation mark struck twice 
makes the full or double quotation marks. 

The hyphen is written with two vowels, which are 
in the middle of the keyboard or line of writing 
and between the consonants, just as the hyphen occurs 
between words. A long or double hyphen makes the 
dash. 

As the top row forms the single quotation mark* 
so the bottom row forms the parenthesis. Note that 
the same sign is used for the beginning and ending 
parenthesis. 

The upper and lower rows on both sides form the 
underscore sign. 

123. How to use the punctuation marks.— 

Apostrophe. — As a rule, it is not necessary to show 
the apostrophe in the notes, but, when it is necessary, 
as in some proper names, etc., it must be written. 
I bought Star ks' farm. I+BOT+STARKSH-BCPDFNTG+ 
PHARM. I bought Stark's farm. I +B0T+STARK+ 
BCPDFNTG+S+PHARM. 

Quotation marks. — Write the quotation marks 
before and after that which is quoted. 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 107 

Hyphen.— Smith-White Lumber Co., SM I JB+AE+ 
HWIT+LUMffSH-CO. 

Parenthesis. — A parenthesis is struck before and 
after the matter to be enclosed. 

Underscore. — Write the underscore sign immediately 
after each word to be underscored. 

Capitals. — Indicate ihe capitals by placing the 
appropriate sign after each word so affected. 

124. Writing exercise. — Write the following 
with all the marks of punctuation and other signs. 

Write fifteen times. 

Gentlemen: 

Referring to your order No. 2842, we quote the pub- 
lisher's letter of the 10th as follows: 

"The new edition of our famous book, 'Shoot — A 
Story of Arms', (Antique paper) will be shipped the 
first of the week. 

"We will ship your order complete on Tuesday 
by Fargo express. 

"It will be marked RUSH." 

As soon as these books are received from the publishers 
we will express you one hundred copies. 



SECTION SIX 
Step Four 

COMPLIMENTARY CLOSES 
CORRECTIONS 

125. Complimentary closes. — Abbreviate 
the words in the complimentary close of a letter by 
using the initial letter of each word in the close. This 
refers to those complimentary closes in common use. 
Yours truly, Y— T; very respectfully yours, V— R+Y; 
yours very truly, Y— FT. 

Initial or final consonants may be used in writing 
the initial letters of such words, and so far as possible 
should be written in the same stroke. 

This use of the initial abbreviations applies only 
to complimentary closes and must not be carried into 
other uses. 

Study the following and practice thoroughly. 

YT Yours truly 

V-T Very truly 
Y— FT Yours very truly 
V— T+Y Very truly yours 



R 


Respectfully 


R+Y 


Respectfully yours 


Y-R 


Yours respectfully 


Y+V-R 


Yours very respectfully 


V-R+Y 


Very respectfully yours 


Y-* 


Yours sincerely 


S+Y 


Sincerely yours 


C+Y 


Cordially yours 


PH+Y 


Fraternally yours 



NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 109 

126. Corrections, insertions, etc. — Should 
it become necessary to make a correction, insert some- 
thing or cut out something some distance back in the 
dictation, refer to the place in the notes where the 
correction or change is to be made and, with a pencil, 
insert a letter (such as A, B, C, etc.). Then strike 
two stars for a space, then write the letter (A, B, . 
C, or whatever letter is used); then strike two stars 
for a second space. Write the instructions of the 
dictator for making the correction, together with the 
corrected copy, insert or cut-out. 

The first letter, which is inserted with a pencil, 
serves as a warning to the reader, who immediately 
looks forward in the notes for the corresponding let- 
ter, set off between spaces, reads the instructions for 
making the correction and transcribes the notes ac- 
cordingly. 

Where the correction is merely a minor one, such 
as the insertion of a single word, cutting out a word 
or two, etc., it may be made in the notes with pencil. 



SECTION SIX 
Step Five 

ADDITIONAL ABBREVIATIONS 

127. Standard abbreviations. — Practice 
thoroughly the following standard abbreviations: 



TERM 


telegram, telegraph 




AUifi 


authority, authorize 




-MF 


manufacture 






COM 


comm unica te 






MEM 


memorandum 






MEM+A 


memoranda 






MB 


machine 






ANSI 


answer 






ETfc 


et cetera 






PRO? 


proprietor 






SIG 


signature 






P-fc 


postscript 






CWE& 


question 






128. Word signs. — Practice thoroughly. 


ARMS? 


also 


SA 


satisfactory 


LRED 


already 


TOG 


together 


IMF 


important, 


VAN 


advantage 


importance 


VEN 


convenient 


-ff& 


possible 


VID 


individual 


CTOF 


govern 


Vlfc 


advise, advice 


ORG 


organize 


TIK 


particular 


NEfc 


necessary 


THU 


enthusiastic 


REff 


represent 


THU 


enthusiasm 


REST 


represen ta tive 







NATIONAL MACHINE SHORTHAND 111 

129. Writing exercise. — 

Write ten times. 

Dear Sir: 

According to the memorandum which I find among my 
memoranda, the manufacturer had no authority to 
authorize Mr. Brown to telegraph you an answer to 
your telegram relative to the new machine. 

He is permitted to communicate by wire only in 
cases of difficult collections, receiverships, etc. 

Yours truly. 

Dear Sir: 

I have your particular advice relative to representing 
the estate when the new glass company is organized. 

I am sorry to have to advise you that it will not be 
convenient or possible for me to act as your represen- 
tative in a satisfactory manner at this meeting. 

I have some important business transactions for which 
the same date had already been set. This, together 
with the fact that it is necessary for me to take ad- 
vantage of this meeting for presenting other individual 
claims, governs me in my action in the matter. I 
have also advised the attorneys on the other side. 

Very truly yours. 

Gentlemen: 

The proprietor of the National Lead Works is a very 
enthusiastic advocate of the new compensation law. 
He has often displayed this enthusiasm publicly. 

I suggest you get in touch with him. 

Yours very truly. 



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